现代汉语中外来词的翻译

论文摘要

语言是文化的载体,不同的文化相互接触带来了语言的相互碰撞。语言接触的结果有很多,其中很重要的一个就是语言借用。外来词作为最常见的语言借用现象之一,越来越多地受到语言学、翻译学甚至社会学和心理学领域学者和研究人员的关注。随着中国对外交往的不断扩大,更多新事物和新观念被介绍进来,这必然导致外来词以前所未有的速度和规模进入中国,对外来词翻译的研究也就成了一项具有理论价值和现实意义的课题。理论上它是翻译学和词汇学研究不可缺少的一部分,对社会学和心理学研究也有一定的促进作用;实践上,该项研究可以帮助我们进一步认识外来词翻译的规律,指导外来词的翻译实践。长期以来外来词的研究主要侧重词条的收集、分类与音译词的规范使用,对各类外来词产生的原因研究较少。作者在涉猎现有研究成果的基础上,通过量化分析现代汉语中英语外来词的特点,探讨现代汉语中英语外来词翻译的语言、社会、文化和心理原因。论文还对英语外来词翻译的规律进行了探讨,本文从奈达的功能对等理论出发,认为要实现英语外来词翻译的功能对等,必须要弥补英汉两种语言在语音、形态和文化内涵上的差异。从这一基本原则出发,本文针对不同的外来词翻译方式进一步提出了翻译实践中实现功能对等的翻译策略。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 A Review of Loanwords in Modern Chinese
• 1.1 The definition of loanwords
• 1.2 The classification of loanwords in modern Chinese
• 1.2.1 Classification by source languages
• 1.2.2 Classification by semantic fields
• 1.2.3 Classification by translation methods
• Chapter 2 An Exploration of the Features of English-originated Loanwords in Modern Chinese
• 2.1 A quantitative analysis of English-originated loanwords in Modern Chinese Dictionary
• 2.2 The features of English-originated loanwords in modern Chinese
• 2.2.1 The phonetic loanwords holding a dominant position
• 2.2.2 The semantic loanwords maintaining a stable position
• 2.2.3 The increasing number of hybrids giving birth to quasi-affixes
• 2.2.4 The letter-words gaining popularity
• Chapter 3 An Exploration of the Reasons for the Existence and Features of English-originated Loanwords in Chinese
• 3.1 Linguistic reasons
• 3.1.1 Chinese as an ideographic language
• 3.1.2 The powerful compounding mechanism of the Chinese language
• 3.2 Extra-linguistic reasons
• 3.2.1 Social development
• 3.2.2 Cultural compatibility
• 3.2.3 Psychological factors
• Chapter 4 The Principle of Equivalence in Loanwords Translation from English into Chinese
• 4.1 The principle of equivalence
• 4.1.1 Nida’s functional equivalence
• 4.1.2 Levels of functional equivalence
• 4.2 The problem of non-equivalence between Chinese and English
• 4.2.1 Phonetic differences
• 4.2.2 Differences in minimal natural unit of meaning
• 4.2.3 Morphological differences
• 4.2.4 Differences in cultural-specific connotations
• Chapter 5 Strategies for Dealing with Non-equivalences between English and Chinese in Loanwords Translation
• 5.1 Strategies for phonetic translation
• 5.1.1 Taking into consideration the number of syllables
• 5.1.2 Taking into consideration the choice of characters
• 5.1.3 Adding an explanation to the phonetic loanwords
• 5.1.4 Adding an autochthonous element to a transliteration
• 5.2 Strategies for semantic translation
• 5.2.1 Loan translation for polymorphemic words
• 5.2.2 Descriptive labeling in translating monomorphemic words
• 5.2.3 Compromising for the morphological non-equivalences
• 5.3 Strategies for introduction of letter-words
• Conclusion
• Bibliography