Initial Design of High Speed Landing Craft PACSCAT

论文摘要

登陆艇（LCU）专门用于将重型车辆,如作战坦克或军车等从主力平台（capital platform）运送到海岸上。主力平台（capital platform）北约内部称作两栖登陆舰（Landing Platform Docks（LPD））能使登陆艇从其尾部的井式甲板驶入或驶出。目前的登陆艇受性能不足的约束,已经严重制约了其两栖作业的功能。本论文的主要目的是开发一种新型的高速登陆艇的初步设计。提出了基于英国皇家海军的创新方案示范船（ISDC）,即局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT）的新型高速登陆艇的初步设计。局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT）使用连接桥将两个轻型片体连接起来,并且该连接桥也可用作货物甲板。局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT）是两种概念的融合体：海面效应船（SES）与气垫船（ACV）。本论文的主要研究内容如下：第一章,首先对船舶初步设计中用到的方法进行了综述,其次对本论文所要研究范围与内容进行了讨论,并从设计的特殊要求角度出发阐述了该研究的重要性。第二章,描述了传统登陆艇的分类和发展,并对目前现代登陆艇所使用的最先进技术：微泡技术,水翼船概念以及气垫船进行了重点研究,通过对比分析为本设计选择了合适的方案。第三章,在对一系列现代登陆艇参数分析的结果上,确定了本登陆艇的主尺度并绘制了其型线图；使用Maxsurf完成了本艇的三维模型及静水力计算，最后用Pro-Engineering solid modeling软件完成该艇的上层建筑设计。第四章,研究了局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT）阻力计算的方法,并对阻力中不同成分进行了详细分析研究。第五章,研究了本登陆艇的动力与推进系统,最后设计了局部抬升本艇从而减少其吃水的气垫系统。第六章,参照德国LR船级社《特殊用途船入级规范》中有关高速双体船的规范要求,确定了本艇船体构件尺寸的选取。第七章,将计算得到构件尺寸结果,在ANSYS软件（一个十分流行的有限云分析系统）中进行了更详细的有限元验证分析,从而保证了该设计的安全性与可靠性。创新方案示范船一一局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT ISDC）是具有一对片体的气垫船。空气从两片体间吹进以提供升力来减少拖曳摩擦力,提高船速且具有更大的抢滩能力。不同于海面效应船（SES）,局部气垫支撑双体船（PACSCAT）因其较宽的船体而使其拥有更高的负载能力。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Purpose and Significance of Current Research Work
• 1.2 Method
• 1.3 Vision
• 1.3.1 Technical Vision
• 1.3.2 Tactical Vision
• 1.4 Specification of Requirements
• 1.4.1 Cargo Vehicles
• 1.4.2 Landing Platform Dock，LPD
• 1.5 Conclusion
• 1.6 Chapter Summary
• CHAPTER 2. CONCEPT
• 2.1 Classification of Ship Borne Landing Craft
• 2.2 Development of Ship Borne Landing Craft
• 2.2.1 Conventional Flat-Bottomed Barge-type Landing Craft
• 2.2.2 Landing Craft Air Cushion（LCAC）
• 2.2.3 Catamaran Concept of Landing Craft
• 2.2.4 Surface Effect Ship（SES）Type Landing Craft
• 2.2.5 Conclusion（Selection of Hull form）
• 2.3 Modern Technologies Available With High Speed Crafts
• 2.3.1 Micro Bubble Technology
• 2.3.2 Under Water Lifting Body（Hydro foils and Aft Cross foils Concept）
• 2.3.3 Partial Air Cushion Supported Catamaran（PACSCAT）
• 2.3.4 Conclusion（Selection of Innovative technology）
• 2.3.5 The Concept of High Speed Landing Craft（PACSCAT）
• 2.4 Chapter Summary
• CHAPTER 3. INITIAL DESIGN AND MAXSURF MODELING
• 3.1 Parametric Analysis
• 3.1.1 Selection of Principle Dimensions
• 3.1.2 Selection of Demi Hull Dimensions
• 3.2 General Arrangement
• 3.3 Introduction to 3D Modeling in Naval Architecture
• 3.4 Maxsurf
• 3.5 PACSCAT Modeling in Maxsurf
• 3.5.1 Maxsurf Solid Hull Modeling
• 3.5.2 Maxsurf Hull Model Lines Plan
• 3.5.3 Curve of Cross Sectional Areas
• 3.6 3D Modeling of PACSCAT by Pro-Engineering
• 3.7 Chapter Summary
• CHAPTER 4. RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS OF PACSCAT
• 4.1 Wave Making Resistance,
• 4.2 Aerodynamic Profile Resistance
• 4.3 Skirt Drag
• 4.4 Sidewalls Friction Resistance
• 4.5 Total Resistance of PACSCAT
• 4.6 Chapter Summary
• CHAPTER 5. POWERING,PROPULSION AND AIR CUSHION SYSTEM
• 5.1 Selection of Main Engine
• 5.1.1 Fuel Consumption
• 5.2 Selection of Water Jet Unit
• 5.2.1 Why MJP Water Jet?
• 5.3 Air Cushion System Design
• 5.3.1 Introduction
• 5.3.2 Cushion Pressure
• 5.3.3 Air Flow Rate
• 5.3.4 Lift Power
• 5.3.5 Selection of Fan Type
• 5.3.6 Lift Engines
• 5.4 Chapter Summary
• CHAPTER 6. HULL STRUCTURAL DESIGN
• 6.1 Material Selection
• 6.1.1 Why Built PACSCAT with Aluminium?
• 6.1.2 Yield Strength
• 6.1.3 Specific Aluminium Alloy Selection
• 6.1.3.1 5 086 Aluminium Alloy
• 6.2 Class Notations of PACSCAT
• 6.3 Motion Response
• 6.3.1 Relative vertical motion
• 6.3.2 Vertical acceleration
• 6.4 Loads on Shell Envelope
• 6.4.1 Hydrostatic Pressure on the shell plating
• 6.4.2 Hydrodynamic wave pressure
• 6.4.3 Weather Deck Pressure
• 6.4.4 Pressure on Interior Decks
• 6.4.5 Combined pressure distribution
• 6.5 Impact Loads
• 6.5.1 Bottom shell impact pressure due to slamming
• 6.5.2 Side shell impact pressure due to slamming
• 6.5.3 Forebody impact pressure
• 6.5.4 Conclusion
• 6.6 Local Design Criteria for Non-Displacement Mode
• 6.7 Hull envelope design criteria（Hull structures）
• 6.7.1 Bottom Shell
• 6.7.2 Outboard side shell
• 6.7.3 Inboard side shell
• 6.7.4 Wet Deck
• 6.8 Components
• 6.8.1 Weather Deck
• 6.8.2 Coachroof Deck
• 6.8.3 Interior Deck
• 6.8.4 Inner Bottom
• 6.8.5 Watertight and Deep Tank Bulkheads
• 6.9 Additional Effective Pressures
• 6.9.1 Bottom longitudinal amidships additional effective pressure
• 6.9.2 Bottom plating amidships additional effective pressure
• 6.10 Global Load and Design Criteria
• 6.10.1 Vertical wave bending moments and associated shear forces
• 6.10.2 Wave Shear Force
• 6.10.3 Dynamic Bending Moments
• 6.10.4 Dynamic Shear Force
• 6.11 Global Load and Design Criteria
• 6.11.1 Transverse Bending Moment
• 6.11.2 Twin Hull Torsional Moment
• 6.11.3 Vertical Shear Force
• 6.12 Design criteria and load combinations
• 6.12.1 Rule bending moment
• 6.12.2 Rule Shear Forces
• 6.13 Scantling Determination for Multi-Hull Craft
• 6.13.1 Minimum Plating Thickness Requirements
• 6.13.2 Shell Envelope Plating
• 6.13.2.1 Keel Plates
• 6.13.2.2 General Plating
• 6.13.3 Single Bottom Structure and Appendages
• 6.13.3.1 Keel
• 6.13.3.2 Centre girder
• 6.13.3.3 Side girders
• 6.13.3.4 Floors General
• 6.13.3.5 Floors in machinery spaces
• 6.13.3.6 Forefoot and stem
• 6.13.4 Shell envelope framing（Stiffening General）
• 6.13.5 Stiffener Profiling
• 6.13.6 Watertight Bulkheads and Deep Tank Plating
• 6.13.7 Deck structures
• 6.14 Hull Girder Strength
• 6.14.1 Hull Longitudinal Bending Strength
• 6.14.2 Hull Shear Strength
• 6.14.3 Strength of cross-deck structures
• 6.14.4 Conclusion
• CHAPTER 7. DIRECT CALCULATIONS
• 7.1 Finite Element Analysis
• 7.1.1 Model Development Approach
• 7.1.1.1 Non-Parametric Model Generation
• 7.1.1.2 Parametric Model generation
• 7.1.1.3 Current Model Generation Approach-GUI Approach
• 7.1.2 3D Global Finite Element Model Development
• 7.1.3 Boundary Conditions
• .7.1.3.1 Spring Constraints Evaluation
• 7.1.4 Extent of FEM Modeling
• 7.1.5 Analysis Phase （Load Cases Applications）
• 7.1.5.1 Moment Application （Load Case 1）
• 7.1.5.2Sea Pressure Application @ T= 0.8m （Load Case 2）
• 7.1.5.3Sea Pressure Application @ T= 1.5m （Load Case 3）
• 7.1.5.4 Only Battle Tank （Load Case 4）
• 7.1.5.5Moments and Tank （Load Case 5）
• 7.1.5.6Full Load Condition （Load Case 6）
• 7.1.6 Analysis and Results
• 7.1.6.1 Hogging Moment Condition （Load Case 1）
• 7.1.6.2 Sagging Moment Condition （Load Case 1）
• 7.1.6.3 Torsional Moment Application （Load Case 1）
• 7.1.6.4Sea Pressure Application @ T=0.8m （Load Case 2）
• 7.1.6.5Sea Pressure Application @ T=1.5m （Load Case 3）
• 7.1.6.6 Only Battle Tank Loading （Load Case 4）
• 7.1.6.7Moment and Tank Combine Loading （Load Case 5）
• 7.1.6.8Full Load Condition （Load Case 6）
• 7.1.7 Theoretical Validation
• 7.1.7.1 Comparison
• 7.1.7.2 Conclusion
• CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
• Concluding Remarks
• Recommendations for Future Work
• REFERENCES