口译中的非言语交流

论文摘要

非言语交流是指言语之外的交流手段,它包括身势动作、副语言、对象语和环境语等四大类。这些非言语信号对人际交流有着重要作用。它不仅是人们与生俱有的一种交流手段,也在很大程度上帮助人与人之间更好地理解对方的交际意图。口译的目的在于帮助不同语言背景的人进行相互间的交流,因此非言语交流对于译员正确地理解从而传达说话人的信息有着重大意义。非言语交流与口译中的言语信息的关系主要有重复、替代、互补、强调、调节、和矛盾等。本文作者认为非言语交流手段中身势体语和副语言对口译过程的作用较为明显,其他两类相对而言影响较小,因此本文集中讨论身势体语和副语言两大类。本文首先介绍了非言语交流手段中身势体语和副语言的分类及其在口译过程中的表现形式和对话语信息的影响。由于口译是一种跨文化的交际行为,非言语交际体系在不同文化中有不同的表现形式,因此本文也不可避免地探讨了跨文化因素的影响。在分析了非言语交际的特点和跨文化因素的基础上,本文总结了口译中在处理非言语信息方面可能遇到的困难,并试着给出解决方法。此外,本文介绍了社会符号学翻译法,并提出其原则可作为处理非言语信息的指导思想。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• Abstract in Chinese
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Two communication channels
• 1.2 Purpose of studying nonverbal communication in interpretation
• 1.3 Traits of non-verbal communication compared with verbal one
• 1.3.1 Intention
• 1.3.2 Overlapping of messages
• 1.3.3 Conciseness
• 1.3.4 Possibility to cause misunderstandings
• 1.3.5 Speciality of content
• 1.4 Organization of the paper
• Chapter 2 Nonverbal Channel in Interpersonal Communication
• 2.1 Limitations of words
• 2.2 Nonverbal channel in interpersonal communication
• Chapter 3 Importance of Nonverbal Communication in Interpretation
• 3.1 Different types of interpreting
• 3.2 Criteria of interpretation
• 3.2.1 Reliability
• 3.2.2 Acceptability
• 3.2.3 Conciseness
• 3.2.4 Variety
• 3.2.5 Rapidness
• 3.2.6 Skills
• 3.3 Translation vs interpretation
• 3.4 Fernando Poyatos’studies
• Chapter 4 Categorization of Nonverbal Communication
• 4.1 Kinesic behavior
• 4.1.1 Emblems
• 4.1.2 Illustrators
• 4.1.3 Regulators
• 4.1.4 Affect displays
• 4.1.5 Adaptors
• 4.2 Paralanguage
• 4.2.1 Voice qualities
• 4.2.1.1 Pitch
• 4.2.1.2 Volume
• 4.2.1.3 Rhythm
• 4.2.1.4 Articulation
• 4.2.2 Vocalization
• 4.2.2.1 Differentiators
• 4.2.2.2 Alternants
• 4.2.2.2.1 Turn-taking function
• 4.2.2.2.2 Silence
• Chapter 5 Functions of Nonverbal Communication
• 5.1 Redundancy
• 5.2 Substitution
• 5.3 Complementation
• 5.4 Emphasis
• 5.5 Regulation
• 5.6 Contradiction
• Chapter 6 Cross-cultural Factors
• 6.1 Nonverbal communication and culture
• 6.2 Complexity of cross-cultural communication
• 6.2.1 Different nonverbal acts expressing the same meaning
• 6.2.2 Same acts expressing different meanings
• 6.2.3 One-many match
• Chapter 7 Difficulties the Interpreter May Face
• 7.1 Cultural differences
• 7.2 Taking in complete message
• 7.3 Decisions to be made
• 7.4 Meaningful silence
• Chapter 8 Translation Based on Socio-semiotics
• 8.1 Theories of semiotics and socio-semiotics
• 8.2 Models and categorizations of signs
• 8.3 Denotative meaning and connotative meaning
• 8.4 Translation based on socio-semiotics
• 8.5 Implications on interpretation of nonverbal signals
• Chapter 9 Suggested Solutions
• 9.1 Avoiding misunderstanding
• 9.2 Making decisions
• 9.2.1 Whether to deliver the nonverbal message
• 9.2.2 Verbal or nonverbal channel
• 9.2.3 Imitation or alternative
• 9.2.4 Passing on connotative meaning
• 9.3 Interpretation of silence
• Chapter 10 Conclusion
• Bibliography