重塑民族文化身份的尝试 ——后殖民视角下审视辜鸿铭的儒经翻译活动

重塑民族文化身份的尝试 ——后殖民视角下审视辜鸿铭的儒经翻译活动

论文摘要

辜鸿铭精通中西文化,是我国晚清杰出的学者和翻译家,翻译了中国儒家经典作品《论语》、《中庸》和《大学》,成为历史上第一个独立将儒家经典译成英文的中国人。他的译经活动,不仅打破了数百年来“中学西传”领域为西方人所垄断的局面,而且极大地促进了近代历史上中西文化之间的交流。然而,由于国内研究界过多关注辜鸿铭这位文化怪杰的生平逸事、社会活动及其文化思想等,导致长期以来忽视了对其翻译活动进行系统深入的探讨。就目前所发表的论文而言,专题研究辜氏翻译的,只有寥寥数篇,且多是集中在翻译技巧层面的分析,对译文产生的社会文化背景层面却所涉不多,偶有触及,也是点到即止,未能详加探讨。鉴于此,本文将关注文化地位差异,以及文化与文化之间权力斗争的后殖民理论运用到对辜鸿铭译经活动的梳理分析之中,旨在给辜氏翻译研究提供一些新的启示。文章指出,晚清时期中国沦为半殖民地国家,在这样的社会背景之下,辜氏致力于儒经翻译,将中国传统文化译介到西方,从根本上说,服务于他一贯坚持的文化主张,即优秀的中国文化值得尊重与推崇,西方霸权国家对其不应抱有偏见、甚至进行扭曲。本文依据后殖民理论有关文化身份的阐述,通过对其《论语》和《中庸》两个译本的探讨分析,进一步论证辜氏的译经活动,究其实质,是其重塑中国民族文化身份的一种尝试。所谓文化身份,牵涉三个方面的内容,即“角色的定位,自我的承认,他人的认同”。以此三个环节为论述框架,本文力图较为全面系统地考察辜氏译经活动的整个过程,指出其为重塑中国民族文化身份所做的尝试具体体现在:首先,辜氏决意做中国和中国文明的代言人,试图通过儒经翻译活动,颠覆西方社会对中国文化的扭曲定位;其次,辜氏借助翻译,竭力突出儒家经典的独到价值,消除西方的误解和偏见,从而重新塑造中国文学文化的光辉形象;最后,辜氏有意减少译文的异质性,突出中西文化某些方面的相似性,以便取得欧洲读者对中国文化的理解和认同。由此,本文认为,辜鸿铭的译经活动,是对西方文化霸权的一种积极抵抗,且在某种程度上挽救了中国传统文化的流失,具有重大的社会历史意义。此外,它对当代的典籍外译工作也有一定的借鉴和启示作用,值得继续深入研究下去。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Contents
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Need for the Research
  • 1.2 Literature Review
  • 1.3 Methodology: A Postcolonial Perspective
  • 1.4 Hypothesis and Framework
  • Chapter 2 Postcolonial Theory
  • 2.1 A Brief Overview of Postcolonial Theory
  • 2.2 Key Concepts
  • 2.2.1 Euro-centrism
  • 2.2.2 Other
  • 2.2.3 Cultural Identity
  • 2.3 Translation in the Postcolonial Context
  • Chapter 3 Ku Hungming's Attempt to Subvert the Distorted Role of Chinese Culture by Translating
  • 3.1 The Other-Chinese Culture in the Eyes of the West
  • 3.2 Ku's Cultural Attitude and His Translation Motivation
  • 3.2.1 Formation of Ku's Cultural Attitude
  • 3.2.1.1 Ku's Attitude towards Chinese Culture
  • 3.2.1.2 Ku's Attitude towards Western Culture
  • 3.2.2 Ku's Motivation to Export Chinese Culture into the West
  • 3.3 The Causes for Ku's Choosing the Confucian Classics to Translate
  • 3.3.1 Utmost Cause: Confucian Works as the Symbolic Representation of Chinese Culture
  • 3.3.2 Direct Cause: Ku's Dissatisfaction with the Previous Versions by the Westerners
  • Chapter 4 Ku Hungming's Attempt to Represent the True Chinese Culture through Translation
  • 4.1 Transmitting the Essence of Chinese Culture
  • 4.1.1 Rendering the Confucian Doctrines Accurately
  • 4.1.2 Exploring Confucianism as a Connected Whole
  • 4.2 Displaying the Literary Value of the Chinese Classics
  • 4.3 Propagating the Value and Significance of Chinese Culture
  • 4.3.1 Deliberately Defending Chinese Culture
  • 4.3.2 Tactically Glorifying Chinese Culture
  • 4.3.3 Proudly Highlighting Chinese Culture
  • Chapter 5 Ku Hungming's Attempt to Seek the West's Approval of Chinese Culture in His Translation
  • 5.1 Domestication - An Outflanking Tactic to Enter the Hegemonic Culture
  • 5.1.1 Introduction to Domestication and Foreignization in the Postcolonial Context
  • 5.1.2 Application of Domestication in Ku's Translation
  • 5.1.2.1 Linguistic Dimension
  • 5.1.2.2 Cultural Dimension
  • 5.2 Comparison-A Short-cut to Attain the Westerners' Understanding
  • 5.3 Quotation - An Original Approach to Gain the Westerner's Appreciation
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Significance and Limitation of the Study
  • 6.2 Suggestions for Future Research into Ku Hungming's Translation
  • Bibliography
  • 附:本人在读期间发表科研论文、论著及获奖情况一览表
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