八十年代以来汉语中英语外来语及翻译

论文摘要

外来语又称借词,是语言接触的产物。二十世纪八十年代以来随着中国对外交往的日益频繁,许多新事物和新观念被引进中国,这就必然导致外来语以前所未有的速度和规模涌入中国。新时期外来语涉及到社会生活的各个领域,出现了历史上新的借词高峰。外来语的翻译也就成了一项具有理论价值和现实意义的课题。在理论方面,它不仅是翻译理论和词汇学不可缺少的一部分,而且对社会学和心理学研究也有一定的促进作用。在实践方面可以帮助我们理解在外来语翻译中应遵循什么样的理论原则,具体情况下应该使用什么样的翻译技巧。虽然外来语的翻译实践已经存在很长时间,它的翻译理论仍然是一个崭新的领域等待我们去探索。因此,外来语翻译问题近年来一直是国内翻译界、语言学界以及各学科关注的热点之一。本文将社会符号学翻译法这种比较全面、科学的翻译理论应用于外来语翻译,把符号学翻译法对意义与功能的理解与纯音译、半音译半意译、音译加汉语语素、意译、音译兼义、仿译、零翻译7种外来语翻译方法相结合,力图为新外来词译名的选择和立名的规范化提供一种比较先进的依据、方法。通过对汉语中源于英语的外来词的种类和翻译方法的具体分析,作者认为一个好的外来词译名应与源词在功能上相似,在指称、言内、语用三重意义上相符。一般来说,成功的外来词翻译应在指称、言内、语用三重意义上相符,或者至少其中的两重意义(指称意义任何时候都必须包括在内)上实现与源词相符,只有这样才能译出令人满意的外来词。

论文目录

• 摘要（Abstract in Chinese）
• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter One INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Definition of Loanwords
• 1.2 The Writer's Proposed Classification
• 1.3 Significance of This Research
• 1.4 The Scope and Method of the Research
• 1.5 The Structure of the Paper
• Chapter Two AN OVERVIEW OF CHINESE LOANWORDS FROM ENGLISH SINCE the 1980s
• 2.1 The New Borrowing Climax Since the 1980s
• 2.2 The Reason of New Borrowing Climax
• 2.3 Features of Chinese Loanwords from English since the 1980s
• 2.3.1 Relatively fixed source
• 2.3.2 Words of different fields pouring into Chinese
• 2.3.3 The increase of letter-words
• 2.3.3.1 The internal factor of language system
• 2.3.3.2 The social and psychological factor
• 2.3.3.3 The market value of English determining the fashion of letter-words
• 2.3.4 The increase of transliterations
• 2.3.5 The proliferation of cyber-language
• 2.3.6 Co-existence of diverse translations
• Chapter Three LITERATURE REVIEW ON LOANWORDS
• 3.1 Focusing on Etymology of Loanwords
• 3.2 Arguments on Translation Loans
• 3.3 Focusing on the Translation Methods and Theoretical Guidelines for Loanword Translation
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four THEORETICAL BASIS
• 4.1 Principles of Translation of Loanwords
• 4.2 Semiotics and Sociosemiotics
• 4.2.1 Sociosemiotic approach and its standard
• 4.2.2 Advantages of sociosemiotic approach to translation
• 4.2.3 Application of sociosemiotic approach to the translation of loan words
• Chapter Five TRANSLATION OF LOANWORDS
• 5.1 Techniques of Translating Loanwords
• 5.1.1 Pure transliteration
• 5.1.2 Half-way between transliteration and sense loan
• 5.1.3 Transliteration plus Chinese morpheme
• 5.1.4 Semantic transliteration
• 5.1.5 Semantic translation
• 5.1.5.1 Adding new meaning to existent word
• 5.1.5.2 Creating new words
• 5.1.6 Calques or Translation Loans
• 5.1.7 Zero translation of letter-words
• 5.2 Further Comments on Various Techniques
• 5.3 The Tendency of Replacement of Pure Transliteration with Semantic Loans in the Loanword Translation
• 5.3.1 Linguistic reasons
• 5.3.1.1 The characteristic of syllabic simplicity of Chinese lexical items
• 5.3.1.2 The ideographic characteristic of Chinese
• 5.3.1.3 The powerful mechanism for creating new characters of Chinese language
• 5.3.2 Social and cultural psychological reasons
• 5.3.2.1 A psychological resistance to transliteration
• 5.3.2.2 The social psychology of simplicity and conciseness
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• Works Cited
• Appendix