言语幽默的语用分析

论文摘要

幽默,作为一种语言现象在文学、影视和日常交际中频频出现。恰到好处的幽默不但可以使人发笑,还具有缓解气氛、消除紧张和摆脱困境的特征。语言学家们对幽默的研究涉及到哲学,心理学,社会学,语言学等众多领域。与这些领域比较起来,使用语言学尤其是语用学对话语幽默的研究历史相对较短。本文从语用学的角度出发,通过大量的文献阅读,以示例的形式全面地综述语用学内容在解释幽默生成中的运用,旨在系统揭示幽默的实现形式及各种语用内容对幽默生成的解释,进而使我们能更好地理解和运用幽默。本文首先将对幽默和笑话这两个容易混淆的概念以示例加以区别。其次,作者将试图找出言语幽默的制笑机制。从大量的分析看来除了不协调这一已经被证明对言语幽默的产生具有解释力的因素外,作者还发现认知因素的解释力也不容忽视,它包括交流者所处的共同环境、共同的背景知识以及自身的认知能力。接下来作者将分别使用语用学的一些基本内容,例如合作原则,言语行为理论,关联理论,礼貌原则,前提,及刻意曲解这一特殊的语用策略来剖析语用内容对言语幽默的生成解释。希望能在语用学内容里为言语幽默的生成找出更多的理论依据。最后,本文将探讨言语幽默的语用功能。论述人们是如何利用言语幽默来活跃气氛、缓和矛盾、攻击与反攻击以及挽救面子的。作者希望本研究对幽默话语全面系统的研究能做出相应的贡献,并能让更多的人体会到言语幽默的魅力。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HUMOR
• 1.2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HUMOR AND JOKES
• 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS
• 1.4 THE ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
• CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• 2.2 CLASSICAL THEORIES OF HUMOR RESEARCH
• 2.2.1 The Superiority Theory
• 2.2.2 The Release Theory
• 2.2.3 The Incongruity Theory
• 2.3 MODERN LINGUISTIC HUMOR THEORIES
• 2.3.1 The Semantic Script Theory of Humor （SSTH）
• 2.3.2 The General Theory of Verbal Humor
• 2.4 THE PRAGMATIC STUDIES OF HUMOR
• CHAPTER THREE LAUGHTER-MAKING MECHANISM
• 3.1 THE CAUSES FOR HUMOR PRODUCTION
• 3.1.1 Incongruity
• 3.1.2 The Cognitive Context
• 3.1.3 Cultural Factors
• 3.1.4 Gender and Age
• 3.2 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FOUR THE PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF VERBAL HUMOR
• 4.1 HUMOR CREATED BY FLOUTING THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE
• 4.1.1 A Brief Review of Cooperative Principle
• 4.1.2 Humor Created by Flouting of the Maxims
• 4.2 HUMOR CREATED BY FLOUTING THE SPEECH ACT THEORY
• 4.2.1 Theoretic Review of Speech Act Theory
• 4.2.2 Sample Analysis
• 4.3 HUMOR CREATED BY FLOUTING THE RELEVANCE THEORY
• 4.3.1 A Brief Introduction of Relevance Theory
• 4.3.2 Sample Analysis
• 4.4 HUMOR CREATED BY FLOUTING THE POLITENESS PRINCIPLE
• 4.4.1 The Maxims of Politeness Principle
• 4.4.2 Humor Created by Abiding the Politeness Principle
• 4.4.3 Humor Created by Violating the Politeness Principle
• 4.5 HUMOR CREATED BY FLOUTING THE PRESUPPOSITION
• 4.6 HUMOR CREATED BY DELIBERATED MISINTERPRETATION AND MISUNDERSTANDING
• 4.6.1 The Difference Between Deliberated Misinterpretation and Misunderstanding
• 4.6.2 Trigger Conditions for Deliberate Misinterpretation
• 4.6.3 Operational Mechanisms of Deliberate Misinterpretation
• 4.7 SUMMARY
• CHAPTER FIVE THE PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL HUMOR
• 5.1 ACTIVATING ATMOSPHERE
• 5.2 ALLEVIATING CONFLICT
• 5.3 ATTACKING AND COUNTER-ATTACKING
• 5.4 FACE-SAVING
• CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION
• 6.1 GENERAL SUMMARY
• 6.2 LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY
• BIBLIOGRAPHY