顺应论视角下的话语标记语功能研究

顺应论视角下的话语标记语功能研究

论文摘要

话语标记语是一类词汇表达式,其形式包括连词、副词、介词短语及其他句法范畴。这类词汇标示着前后话语间的关系,把它们从其所依附的话语中去掉既不影响该话语的语法正确性也不影响其命题内容,但却影响其语用得体性。话语标记语作为一种普遍的语言现象出现在大多数语言中,因此,本研究有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。Verschueren提出的语言顺应理论为我们从认知,社会以及文化的视角对话语标记语的功能进行研究提供了依据。该理论可以较为全面地解释话语标记语使用的原因及其在话语生成中的作用。在顺应论的基础上,学者们从不同角度对话语标记语进行了进一步研究。然而这些研究只涉及了话语标记语的某些方面,未能全面运用语言顺应理论对其进行系统研究。本研究以语言顺应论为理论框架,试图对话语标记语在交际中的功能进行系统而详细的分析。话语标记语的使用过程实质上是一个语言顺应的过程。语言使用者通过话语标记语这一语言策略来实现其既定的交际目的。话语标记语的使用包括三个基本概念:变异性、商讨性和顺应性。话语标记语使用的变异性主要体现在词汇层面;其商讨性表明话语标记语的使用是一个动态的过程,语言使用者在交际过程中对话语标记语的选择并非严格按照形式-功能间的固定关系进行,而是在具有高度灵活性的原则和策略的基础上完成的。就话语标记语使用的顺应性而言,语言使用者选择特定话语标记语的意图在于实现特定的交际目的。交际者一旦进入交际过程,头脑中必然存在某种交际目的。为了实现这些交际目的,交际者必须采用一定的交际策略,话语标记语的使用正是其中的一种重要策略。语言使用者在交际中选用话语标记语以达到的顺应目标可概括为三个方面,即语言语境、社会规约和心理动机。其中对语言语境的顺应属于语言内部原因,而对社会规约和心理动机的顺应则归于语言外部原因。在描述顺应目标的基础上,本文对话语标记语使用过程中所实现的各种功能进行了详细的分析。在对交际过程中话语标记语使用的顺应过程进行分析后,本文进而探讨了交际者在使用话语标记语过程中所体现出的元语用意识。对元语用意识在话语标记语使用中功能的探讨进一步证实了Verschueren的观点:元语用意识及其标示语对语言使用过程中意义的生成和商讨都具有重要的作用。通过分析话语标记语在顺应过程中实现的各种功能,我们不难发现,话语标记语的使用不仅仅是一种语言现象,而是更多地体现为一种重要的交际策略,在特定的情形下可成为语言使用者实现其交际目标的有效手段。

论文目录

  • Descriptive Chinese Abstract
  • English Abstract
  • Introduction
  • 1 Definition of Discourse Marker
  • 2 Significance of the Present Research
  • 3 Objectives of the Present Research
  • 4 Framework of the Thesis
  • Chapte11 Adaptation Theory and Its Past Integration with the Study of Discourse Markers
  • 1.1 Verschueren's Linguistic Adaptation Theory
  • 1.1.1 The Nature of Linguistic Adaptation
  • 1.1.2 Verschueren's Account of Discourse Markers
  • 1.2 Past Integration of Adaptation Theory with the Study of Discourse Markers
  • 1.2.1 Discourse Marker as a Means of Adaptation to Contexts
  • 1.2.2 Metapragmatic Approach to Discourse Markers
  • 1.3 Comments on the Past Studies
  • Chapte12 Discourse Marker as a Result of Linguistic Choice-Making
  • 2.1 Communication and Linguistic Choice-Making
  • 2.2 Use of Discourse Markers as a Process of Linguistic Choice Making
  • 2.2.1 Variability of the Use of Discourse Marker
  • 2.2.2 Negotiability of the Use of Discourse Marker
  • 2.2.3 Adaptability of the Use of Discourse Marker
  • Chapte13 Discourse Marker as a Means of Linguistic Adaptation
  • 3.1 Discourse Markers Adapting to Linguistic Context
  • 3.1.1 What is Linguistic Context
  • 3.1.2 How Discourse Markers Adapt to Linguistic Context
  • 3.1.2.1 Discourse Markers Signaling Local Coherence
  • 3.1.2.2 Discourse Markers Signaling Global Coherence
  • 3.2 Discourse Markers Adapting to Social Conventions
  • 3.2.1 What are Social Conventions
  • 3.2.1.1 Culture Factors
  • 3.2.1.2 Politeness and Face
  • 3.2.2 How Discourse Markers Adapt to Social Conventions
  • 3.2.2.1 Positive Politeness
  • 3.2.2.2 Negative Politeness
  • 3.3 Discourse Markers Adapting to Psychological Motivations
  • 3.3.1 What are Psychological Motivations
  • 3.3.2 How Discourse Markers Adapt to Psychological Motivations
  • 3.3.2.1 Discourse Markers Used as Performative Strategy
  • 3.3.2.2 Discourse Markers Used as Mitigation Strategy
  • 3.3.2.3 Discourse Markers Used as Strategy to Indicate Communicators' Attitudes
  • 3.3.2.4 Discourse Markers Used as Strategy to Avoid Commitment
  • 3.3.2.5 Discourse Markers Used as Strategy to Delay Speech Act
  • Chapte14 Discourse Marker as an Indicator of Metapragmatic Awareness
  • 4.1 Metapragmatic Awareness
  • 4.2 Functioning of Metapragmatic Awareness in the Use of Discourse Markers
  • 4.2.1 Anchoring
  • 4.2.2 Reflexive Conceptualization
  • 4.2.2.1 Discourse Markers Adapting to Social Conventions
  • 4.2.2.2 Discourse Markers Adapting to Psychological Motivations
  • Conclusion
  • Major Findings in the Present Study
  • Remaining Problems and Topics for Further Discussion
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
  • Appendix A: Publications during the Program
  • Appendix B: Informative Chinese Abstract
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    顺应论视角下的话语标记语功能研究
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