奈达功能对等论视角下的汉语旅游资料英译研究

论文摘要

翻译中的“对等”概念,不仅是二千年来西方翻译理论的一个根本问题,同时,也是现代翻译的根本问题。西方有不少翻译理论对翻译中的“对等”问题进行了有益的探讨,其中颇有影响的当属美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达的“功能对等”原则。同其他“对等”原则一样,“功能对等”原则把翻译的重点从历来注重信息形式,转移到重视信息内容与读者反应上来,强调译文与原文在交际功能上的对等,而非形式上的对应。“读者反应”论和“内容优于形式”论,是奈达“功能对等”原则的二项核心内容。奈达认为,由于语言文化的差异,各种语言表达信息的形式各异,具有高度的复杂性、任意性和可变性。因此,为了保全原文内容,在必要的情况下可对原文结构做必要的调整。旅游资料的翻译也必须坚持“内容优于形式”的观点。为了实现旅游资料翻译的“功能对等”,译文应尽量达到“自然”、“准确”、和“简洁”。本文试图从奈达功能对等论的视角,通过学习研究汉英旅游资料在词汇,句式和风格方面的应用特征探讨旅游资料的英译。本文共包括五章:第一章研究背景的简要介绍,论文所采用的方法、理论及意义。第二章汉英旅游资料词汇层面:探讨汉语旅游资料专有名词,常用的四字结构的翻译及其由文化差异带来的翻译障碍-文化负载词的翻译。第三章汉英旅游资料句子层面:探讨汉英旅游资料在形合意合,主语省略与增添,主动和被动语态句子结构差异方面的翻译策略。第四章汉英旅游资料风格层面,探讨汉英旅游资料中冗余信息,诗歌及其修辞的翻译。第五章结论部分,总结文章的所得和不足,同时对将来的研究提出建议。

论文目录

• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Literature Review
• 1.2 Assumptions
• 1.3 Methodologies
• 1.4 Contributions
• Chapter 2 Translation Study Based on the Lexical Level
• 2.1 Lexical Feature of Tourist Material
• 2.1.1 Frequent Use of Proper Names
• 2.1.2 Wide Use of Four-Character Expressions in Chinese Tourist Material
• 2.1.3 Chinese Culturally-Loaded Words
• 2.2 Translation Techniques and Methods
• 2.2.1 Translation of Proper Names
• 2.2.1.1 Literal Translation（Word-by-Word Translation）
• 2.2.1.2 Free Translation（Liberal Translation）
• 2.2.1.3 Transliteration
• 2.2.1.4 Transliteration plus Free Translation
• 2.2.2 Translation of Four-Character Structure
• 2.2.2.1 Literal Translation
• 2.2.2.2 Explication
• 2.2.3 Translation of Culturally-Loaded Words
• 2.2.3.1 Transliteration
• 2.2.3.2 Literal Translation
• 2.2.3.3 Substitution
• 2.2.3.4 Free Translation
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 Translation Study Based on the Sentence Level
• 3.1 The Different Sentence Patterns in Chinese and English Tourist Material
• 3.1.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis
• 3.1.2 Subjectlessness and the Subject
• 3.1.3 Passive and Active Voice
• 3.2 Translation Techniques and Methods
• 3.2.1 Conversion of Parts of Speech
• 3.2.2 Semantic Relations Represented in Target Text
• 3.2.3 Structural Combination and Splitting
• 3.2.4 Supplementation of Subject
• 3.2.5 Conversion between Passive and Active Voice
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter 4 Translation Study Based on the Stylistic Level
• 4.1 The Stylistic Differences in Chinese and English Tourist Material
• 4.1.1 Wide-Use of Rhetorical Devices in Chinese Tourist Material
• 4.1.2 Chinese Description is Ambiguous and Integrated with Human Emotions while English One is Clear-Cut and Fact-Based
• 4.1.3 Chinese Tourist Material is More Flowery than English One
• 4.1.4 Frequent Quotation of Ancient Poems and Personages in Chinese Tourist Material
• 4.2 Translation Techniques and Methods
• 4.2.1 Deletion of Unnecessary Messages
• 4.2.2 Summarization of Long Descriptions
• 4.2.3 Translation of Rhetoric Devices
• 4.2.3.1 Antithesis
• 4.2.3.2 Parallelism
• 4.2.3.3 Personification
• 4.2.3.4 Simile
• 4.2.3.5 Repetition
• 4.2.4 Translation of Allusions and Poetic Lines
• 4.2.4.1 Loan Translation
• 4.2.4.2 Explication
• 4.2.4.3 Deletion of Difficult Poems
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary
• 5.2 Limitations
• 5.3 Questions for Further Research
• Bibliography