试论英语儿童文学的汉译 ——从隐形理论的视角

试论英语儿童文学的汉译 ——从隐形理论的视角

论文摘要

这篇论文意在利用隐身理论探讨英语儿童文学汉译的理论与实践。译者的隐身与非隐身是翻译中的核心问题之一。长期以来,诸多中西学者都对之有所阐述。美国翻译理论家韦努蒂在他的著作《译者的隐身》中系统地阐述了他对翻译过程中隐身的看法,即,译文看不见作者的存在,读者就像在读原文一样。他指出,这种使译文透明的幻想,就是要求译者努力保证通顺易懂——使用当代的词语,保持句子的连贯性,并保证表达出确切的意义。在通顺易懂的翻译原则下,译者对原文的干预,须做到译文越透明,就越看不见译者的存在。韦努蒂认为造成隐形的原因有两个:译者英译时喜欢使用可读性很强的译语,使得译语文化的读者总是把译作当作原作看待。他认为北美翻译文化中占主导地位的归化策略正是蕴涵着这样一种透明、流利和隐形的翻译风格,其目的是尽量减少译语的外来成分。但是在中国翻译界以许钧教授为代表的学者对译者的隐身有不同的看法。他认为,隐身或隐形,说到底,就是要让译者“不可见”。更准确地说,译者的隐形,是与要求作为仆人的译者“不能自作主张”的观念紧紧相联的。译者要隐形,取决于以下三个条件,这就是在传统的翻译理论中经常强调的三点:一是译者在翻译中不掺入自己的主观色彩;二是译者要在翻译中不表现自己的个性;三是译者要一切以原文为依归,惟作者是从,偏向异化一说。我们认为,韦努蒂所说的隐形是归化,实践中受原文约束,完全的归化是做不到的,所以是一种“幻想”。而许钧诠释的隐形为异化,译者是“仆人”,但作为译者是有主观能动性的,剥夺了译者能动性的完全的异化也做不到。所以无论如何诠释隐形的概念,翻译中译者都要既隐形,又要现身。儿童文学作品翻译过程中,译者必须要“现身”,但也不能过于“现身”,所以应该归化为主,异化为辅;译语要做到富有译入语的童趣,照顾到译语儿童读者的可接受性。同时也难免有少量的异化,或对有的文化差异的词语采取异化加注方法。儿童文学的语言特点包括童趣,可读性,教育功能等,这是中英文及一切语言文字的共性。但由于语言文化的差异,中英文之间表现这些特点的词语、句法等又是大相径庭的。所以我们首先要明确中英文在这方面的异同。归化为主,异化为辅,也就是要求译者现身为首要原则,隐形为辅,保证儿童文学译语的“流利”、“可读性”。就此而论,译者必须是“千面人”而非“性格演员”。因为儿童文学作品的翻译多由成年人担任,所以必须特别注意儿童文学不能翻译成“成人化”。儿童的心理和年龄特征要求信息源发者即译者与他们保持类似朋友和熟人的亲善关系,因此在这一语境下所采用的语体基本上属于“流畅”、“透明的“随意体”的范畴。整体来说,对原文作者的“忠实”和对儿童读者的“忠实”不应该成为矛盾,原文作者考虑儿童读者的需求进而为小读者写作,译者就必须在目的语文化和语言基础上,根据自己的理解进行完善。因此儿童文学翻译甚至要更加尊重改写的地位,因为几乎所有的儿童文学翻译都涉及到了改写,唯其如此,才能使译文更贴近小读者。事实也是,儿童文学作品中的改写(缩略版,简易版,插图版,媒体版,文化移植)比任何成人文学作品都多。笔者认为,这样的译者明确现身的儿童文学翻译作品才是成功的作品。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Introduction
  • 0.1 Background and Causes of the Study
  • 0.2 Methods and Structure of the Study
  • 0.3 Significance and Contributions of the Study
  • Chapter One Literary Review
  • 1.1 Venuti's Theory of Invisibility
  • 1.1.1 Venuti's Viewpoint of the Cultural Agenda of Translation
  • 1.1.2 His Concept of Invisibility
  • 1.1.3 Possible Reasons for Translator's Invisibility
  • 1.2 Xu Jun's Analysis of Invisibility
  • 1.2.1.Xu Jun and His On Translation
  • 1.2.2 His Concept of Invisibility
  • 1.3 Translator's Visibility in the Children's Literature Translation
  • 1.3.1 Visibility-domestication as Major Strategy
  • 1.3.2 Invisibility-foreignization as Secondary
  • 1.3.3 Translator's Multi-face
  • Chapter Two Children Literature and It's Translation
  • 2.1 Language Characteristics of Children Literature
  • 2.1.1 Child Image
  • 2.1.2 Readability
  • 2.1.3 Educational Function
  • 2.2 Principles for Children's Literature Translation:Visibility of Translators
  • 2.2.1 Transparency and Fluency
  • 2.2.2 Adaptation
  • Chapter Three Translation Strategies for Children's Literature
  • 3.1 Domestication as Major Strategy
  • 3.1.1 Onomatopoeia and Mimesis
  • 3.1.2 Word er 儿
  • 3.1.3 Interjection
  • 3.1.4 Reduplicated Words
  • 3.1.5 Idioms
  • 3.2 Foreignization as Secondary Strategy
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix
  • Acknowledgements
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    试论英语儿童文学的汉译 ——从隐形理论的视角
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