图式理论与大学英语阅读

图式理论与大学英语阅读

论文摘要

新修订的大学英语大纲明确规定:“大学英语的教学目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力,一定的听、说、写、译能力。”很明显,英语阅读教学是英语教学听、说、读、写、译五个环节中的重要一环。阅读是一个极其重要的环节,是因为阅读是学生获取外语知识和技能的重要途径。正如卡莱尔(Carrell, 1989)所说,“对于许多学习者来说,阅读是四项语言技能中最重要的,在英语作为第二语言或外语学习中尤其如此”。然而,以语法一翻译法为主的传统教学模式仍影响颇深。这种教学模式认为阅读是一个被动的解码过程,强调学生翻译文章,教师一言堂,孤立地讲解生词、短语、句型。这种方式严重挫伤了学生的积极性,妨碍了他们阅读能力的提高。因此,以有效的教学方法提高学生的阅读能力是大学外语教学孜孜以求的方向。随着图式理论的引入,大学英语阅读教学在很大程度上发生了根本性变化。图式理论,起源于对心理学的研究,后来应用在语言教学领域,尤其是对阅读理解教学有较大的影响。图式理论认为,阅读是读者己有的图式知识与文本本身的一个互动的过程。这样的阅读理解不仅仅是停留在字词句的层面,而且更深入到对文章主旨和作者意图的领会中。结合现行大学英语教学中存在的问题,图式理论给我们以启示,有一些教学原则可用来指导大学英语阅读教学。研究表明,主要有三方面会影响阅读理解:对文章结构的不熟悉,对背景知识的欠缺,和在阅读过程中没有激活和建立相应的图式。通过训练学生以课文为中心,对不同文章结构的分析,和注重文化背景知识的传授,和注重培养学生的阅读技巧,并在阅读过程中运用适当的阅读技巧来帮助学生激活和建立背景知识,这些训练在很大程度上提高了学生们的阅读能力。本文试图阐述图式理论在阅读教学中的运用,以促进大学外语阅读教学的研究和实践。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Chapter 1 Interduction
  • 1.1 The Problem
  • 1.2 Research Question and Objectives
  • 1.3 Type of Research and Hypotheses
  • Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Related Literature
  • 2.1 Theoretical framework
  • 2.1.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.2 The Nature of Reading
  • 2.1.3 Discourse Analysis in Reading Comprehension
  • 2.1.4 Schema-theoretic View of Reading Process
  • 2.2 Related Literature
  • 2.2.1 Kant’s Concept of Schema
  • 2.2.2 Piaget’s Concept of Schema
  • 2.2.3 Barlett’s Concept of Schema
  • Chapter 3 Method
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Subjects
  • 3.3 Design
  • 3.4 Data Analysis
  • 3.5 Materials
  • 3.6 Procedure
  • Chapter 4 Results
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Results
  • Chapter 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 The Application of Schema Theory to College English Reading Teaching..
  • 5.2.1 Text-centered Principle underlying Schema Theory
  • 5.2.2 Improving Reading Comprehension through Developing Background Knowledge
  • 5.2.3 Focusing on Reading Skills and Strategies
  • 5.3 Learner-centered Orientation in the Teaching of Reading
  • 5.3.1 Chief Characteristic of the Learner-centered Approach
  • 5.3.2 The Role of the Teacher
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary
  • 6.2 Validity and Reliability
  • 6.3 Limitations and Further Research
  • Appendix
  • References
  • Published Paper
  • Acknowledgements
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