论译者的文化身份 ——以《红楼梦》杨、霍译本为个案

论文摘要

《红楼梦》是中国古典文学中的一朵奇葩,是我国古典文学史上杰出不朽的丰碑,也是世界文化宝库中的瑰宝。丰富的民俗文化,宗教哲理,岁时节气、婚丧嫁娶、衣食住行、游艺娱乐、人生家庭礼仪、同林医药,典章制度等等,其中几乎无所不包,《红楼梦》的确无愧于封建时代“中国文化大百科全书”之称。其经典性可说是“前无古人,后无来者”!要想对中国古典文学翻译进行研究探讨,《红楼梦》英译本应是最好的选择之一!笔者意兴盎然读完了《红楼梦》的两个全英译本。即杨宪益,戴乃迭夫妇所译A Dream of Red Mansions和David Hawkes＆John Minford的The Story of the Stone。期间,对杨氏和霍氏关于《红楼梦》中文化现象翻译产生的效果差别产生了浓厚兴趣!并进而对译者的文化身份及译者主体性问题及创造性叛逆甚至意识形态,政治,经济因素对翻译的作用与影响进行了思索与探究。译者,作为翻译的主体,总是受着文化身份的影响;而译者的翻译目的和文化身份,将最终决定他的翻译方法和策略,譬如到底是采用直译还是意译,归化译法还是异化译法,语义翻译还是交流翻译,或者以哪种为主,以达剑形式对等还是功能对等等等。在传统的评价翻译的标准中,长期以米,忠实通顺一直是评价翻译的首要原则。在传统的以原著为中心的翻译理论的影响下,为了忠实的传达作者的意图,译者不得不隐身,尽可能地压抑自己的主观性因素,亦步亦趋地翻译,努力成为作者及原作忠实的“仆人”。译者忠实的不仅有原作的作者,还有译本的读者,所以杨绛说译者是“一仆二主”!而且一直以来,译者都好像只是传声筒,是翻译机器!翻译只不过是复制,是临摹!至于译作,也有将之喻为妻子:“漂亮的不忠实,忠实的不漂亮”的说法!(此可留待女性主义翻译研究)译者的身份何等尴尬!地位何等不堪!好像大家都忘了在翻译过程中,译者虽然要依据原文本翻译,但却也是活生生有血有肉有感情有主观创造性的主体!译者的身份到底能否有所改善,地位有所提高呢?本论文从文化的角度对译者的文化身份及主体性进行了探究!杨宪益,戴乃迭夫妇由于他们主要的中国文化身份,且抱着传承中国古代经典文化的目的,所以对《红楼梦》土要采用直译,异化译法利语义译法,而David Hawkes and John Minford由于其英国文化身份,抱着让他们国内读者接触和理解《红楼梦》这一对他们来说难度极大的异国小说和文化的目的,主要采用意译,归化译法和交际译法。其中,尤其霍译本发挥了极大的主体创造性。这一切是否还与译者的意识形态,及社会政治和经济因素有关呢?笔者对此也进行了初浅探索。

论文目录

• Acknowledgement
• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Translators'identity and subjectivity
• 1.1 Translator's identity
• 1.1.1 As the reader
• 1.1.2 As the author of the version
• 1.1.3 As the creator
• 1.1.4 As the researcher
• 1.1.5 As the conqueror
• 1.1.6 As the cultural mediator
• 1.1.7 As the creative treason
• 1.1.8 As the manipulator
• 1.1.9 As the canniballor
• 1.2 Translator's cultural identity
• 1.2.1 Nation identity
• 1.2.2 People identity
• 1.2.3 Region identity
• 1.3 The features of cultural identity
• 1.3.1 The construction of cultural identity
• 1.3.2 The pluralism of cultural identity
• 1.3.3 The inheritance and developing variety
• 1.3.4 The acceptability of cultural identity has the emotion color
• 1.4 The relationship between language and cultural identity
• 1.4.1 The effect of language on cultural identity
• 1.4.2 The effect of cultural identity on language
• 1.4.3 The incomplete equivalence between language and cultural identity
• 1.5 The relationship between translator's subjectivity and cultural identity
• 1.5.1 Translator's subjectivity
• 1.5.2 The relationship between translator's subjectivity and cultural identity
• Chapter 2 The translators'cultural identity reflected in the two English versions of Hong Lou Meng
• 2.1 Hong Lou Meng and the introduction to the two versions
• 2.2 Yang Hsien-yi & Gladys Yang and their A Dream of Red Mansions
• 2.3 David Hawkes & John Minford and their The Story of the Stone
• Chapter 3 Contrast of the two versions from the aspect of culture
• 3.1 Several kinds of translation strategies and methods
• 3.1.1 Literal translation and free translation
• 3.1.2 Domestication and foreignization
• 3.1.3 Semantic translation and communicative translation
• 3.1.4 Form equivalence and function equivalence
• 3.2 From the classification of the culture according to the culture itself
• 3.2.1 From the ecology culture
• 3.2.2 From the material culture
• 3.2.3 From the society culture
• 3.2.4 From the religion culture
• 3.3 From the culture reflected in the source works itself
• 3.3.1 From the title of the book
• 3.3.2 From the antithetical couplets
• 3.3.3 From the sayings and proverbs
• 3.3.4 From the idioms or allusions
• 3.3.5 Form the poetries,ci poems,songs,fu verses
• 3.3.6 From the persons'names and places'names
• Chapter 4 Conclusion
• Bibliography