英谚汉译中的超额翻译与欠额翻译

论文摘要

谚语来源于生活,是一个民族语言和文化的高度浓缩和集中体现。由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异,英汉谚语有其固的形式特点和文化内涵。这给英语谚语汉译带来了很大困难。如何忠实、通顺地再现英语谚语,成为每一个译者不可推卸的责任。自20世纪80年代以来,我国学者对英语谚语汉译做了大量研究,主要从文化角度、语言学角度、方法论角度等进行研究,并提出许多具体有效的翻译技巧和方法,如：直译、意译、直译与意译结合法、套译法等。从理论角度对英谚汉译的研究相对较少,目前主要是与功能对等理论、关联理论和言语行为理论的结合。尽管对英谚汉译科学全面的研究离不开对语言文化的研究,但是不论对语言文化研究的多么详尽透彻,还远远不能弥补英谚汉译在理论研究上的不足。谚语是语言的精华,民族文化的瑰宝,反映了一个民族特定的历史、文化、社会背景以及风俗习惯。英语谚语汉译不仅是两种语言之间的转换,而且是反映不同社会特征的文化间的转换。由于中英两国语言和文化等的差异,英汉谚语之间的完全等值的翻译是不能的。译文总会出现“信息走失”的情况。彼得,纽马克在“翻译理论和翻译技巧”(The Theory and Craft of Translation)一文中分析“意义走失”现象时,认为翻译中意义走失的原因是多方面的,而其中最主要的是由“超额翻译”和“欠额翻译”造成的。欠额翻译,是指译文承载的信息量小于原文的信息量,而超额翻译,是指译文承载的信息量大于原文的信息量。因此,英谚汉译过程中超额翻译和欠额翻译不可避免。本文试从语言层面、文化层面、译者能力层面以及历时层面分析英谚汉译中的超额与欠额翻译现象。本文研究的意义主要有两点：一、它从一个全新的视角—超额翻译与欠额翻译角度来研究英语谚语翻译。它不仅是谚语翻译研究的新思路、新视角,而且有助于人们对翻译特性有更好的理解。二、对超额与欠额翻译来讲,是对其在具体翻译实践中的一次验证与加强。

论文目录

• CONTENTS
• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter One INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 Deinitions and Characteristics of English Proverbs
• 2.1.1 Definitions
• 2.1.2 Characteristics
• 2.1.2.1 Rich sources
• 2.1.2.2 Conciseness and aesthetic characteristics
• 2.2 Comparison between Chinese and English Proverbs
• 2.2.1 Similarities
• 2.2.2 Differences
• 2.2.2.1 Differences in historical background
• 2.2.2.2 Differences in geographical culture
• 2.2.2.3 Differences in customs
• 2.2.2.4 Differences in religiou concept
• 2.3 Current Studies on English Proverbs' Translation Strategies
• 2.3.1 The study of English proverbs' translation from the cultural perspective
• 2.3.2 The study on English proverbs' translation from the linguistic perspective
• 2.3.3 The study on English proverbs' translation from the technical perspective
• 2.3.4 The study on English proverbs' translation from the theoretical perspective
• 2.4 Comments on the Current Study on English Proverbs' Translation
• Chapter Three THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• 3.1 Definitions of Overtranslation and Undertranslation
• 3.1.1 Definitions by foreign scholars
• 3.1.2 Definitions by Chinese scholars
• 3.2 Causes and Measures for Overtranslation and Undertranslation
• 3.3 The Demarcation of Overtranslatior and Undertranslation
• Chapter Four MANIFESTATIONS OF OVERTRANSLATION AND UNDERTRANSLATION INENGLISH PROVERBS'E-C TRANSLATION
• 4.1 Manifestatioions on Linguistic Level
• 4.1.1 Overtranslation and undertranslation at phonetic level
• 4.1.2 Overtranslation and undertranslation at structural level
• 4.1.3 Overtranslation and undertranslation at lexical level
• 4.2 Manifestations on Cultural Level
• 4.2.1 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of moral concepts
• 4.2.2 Overtranslation and undertranslation on the level of religious beliefs
• 4.2.3 Overtranslation and undertranslation on the level of customs
• 4.2.4 Overtranslation and undertranslation on the level of geographical environment
• 4.2.5 Overtranslation and undertranslation on the level of historical culture
• 4.3 Manifestations on the Level of Translators
• 4.3.1 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of translators' language proficiency
• 4.3.2 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of translators' range
• 4.3.3 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of translators' translation techniques
• 4.4 Manifestations on the Diachronic Level
• 4.4.1 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of the diachronic nature of words
• 4.4.2 Overtranslation or undertranslation on the level of the diachronic nature of receptors' understanding
• 4.5 Manifestations of the Dialectical Unity of Overtranslation and Undertranslation
• Chapter Five CONCLUSION
• 5.1 Main Findings
• 5.2 Implications
• 5.3 Limitations and Further Researches for This Study
• References
• Acknowledgements