英汉语义表达之语言意象手段的对比研究 ——从认知语言学的角度

论文摘要

长期以来,文学意象一直被作为描述客观世界的有效途径,并在中国文学与西方文学中表现出许多的共性特征。然而,从认知的角度来讲,意象的涵盖比文学意象广泛,中西方语言在进行编码时体现出差异性。语言意象就是关注这种由语言标示出的差异性。索绪尔认为语言是一个把“概念”与“音响意象”作为基本单位来描述客观世界的“命名”过程;“概念”等同于符号系统的所指,“音响意象”则与能指一致。洪堡特用“观念形式”与“语音形式”的结合指这过程。在本文中,语言意象也就是指包含所有语言形式的能指。兰盖克从认知语言学的角度阐述自己的观点,他认为“语言是人类认知不可分离的部分;总之,任何语言结构都是对认知过程的阐释,无论是否具有某种特殊的语言模式”。意象则是指人们通过调节焦点来描写心智经验所感知到的场景中某一实体的不同侧面,并采用不同的语言形式来表达这知觉感受。这样,我们就可以从认知的角度对汉英语的语义表达所运用的语言意象进行对比研究。本文在语音、词汇和句子三个层面上进行共时对比,分析了汉英语义意象在表达过程中所用的语言手段表现出的差异。一方面,汉英语本质上是表达所指信息的能指,那么,作为表达手段的汉英语语言意象显示出相似性:相似的原型,相似的认知模式以及相似的发展趋势;另一方面,由于汉英语分属于汉臧语系和印欧语系,并且汉字是象形文字汉语是分析语与英语是字母文字是综合一分析语这些语言特征的差异,造成了汉语语言意象从数量形式上远低于英语语言意象的现象。同时,指出语言表达的差异是与英汉语各自的文字、语言特征等因素有直接关系的。本文还从历时角度对汉语发展历程进了划分,运用意象理论选取典型例证对汉语的发展进行了宏观及微观的研究,考察了汉语发展的过程并预测未来汉语将朝语言形式细腻的方向发展的趋势。通过对汉英语进行共时的对比以及从历时的角度考察了汉语的发展,不难发现汉英语愈加借助语言意象的形式传达意义;然而,汉语与屈折语言-英语相比,还算不上是“屈折”。总之,本文受索绪尔符号理论中“音响意象”概念的启发,提出了“语言意象”这一新术语。还创造性地尝试从认知的角度对汉英语的语义表达的语言意象标示手段进行了共时与历时的对比研究。结果表明:语言意象在汉英语语义表达过程中起着至关重要的作用;基于语言本身特征的差异,语言意象在英语中的使用比汉语更广泛;并且,汉语为了满足发展的需要也倾向于发展自身的语言意象系统。了解汉英语在表达方式上所表现出来的差异,以及汉英语自身语言文字的独特特征,对英语教学及学习具有指导意义;也会培养学生学习英语的热情。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Theoretical Basis of This Thesis
• 1.2.1 The Sign and the Linguistic Image
• 1.2.2 The Linguistic Image and the Literary Image
• 1.2.3 The Theory of Image in the Cognitive Linguistics
• 1.3 Purpose and significance of the study
• 1.4 The scope of the present study
• Chapter 2 A Review of the Study of Literary and Linguistic Images
• 2.1 The Main Terms in this Article
• 2.2 The study of the Literary Image
• 2.3 The Study of the Cognitive Image
• 2.3.1 The Study of Image Abroad
• 2.3.2 The Study of Image at Home
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter 3 Linguistic Images of English and Chinese Semantic Expressions
• 3.1 A Contrastive Study of Phonological Images of English and Chinese Semantic Expressions
• 3.1.1 The images of English Letters
• 3.1.2 The Images of Chinese Characters
• 3.1.3 Complementary Patches of Phonological Expressions of Chinese and English Images
• 3.2 A Contrastive Study of Lexical Images of English and Chinese Semantic Expressions
• 3.2.1 A Contrastive Study of the Morphological Images of English and Chinese
• 3.2.2 A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Images on Phrasal Level
• 3.3 A Contrastive Study of Syntactic Images of English and Chinese Semantic Expressions
• 3.3.1 Linguistic Images of Chinese and English Expressions of the Sentential Logic Relations
• 3.3.2 Subjectivity / Objectivity of Chinese and English Expressions in terms of Linguistic Images
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 A Contrastive Analyses of the Chinese and English Linguistic Images
• 4.1 The Similarities between the Linguistic Images of Chinese and English
• 4.1.1 The Same Prototypes
• 4.1.2 The Same Cognitive Models
• 4.1.3 The same developing trends
• 4.2 The Differences between Chinese and English linguistic images
• 4.2.1 Different Basic Units
• 4.2.2 Different Linguistic Inflections
• 4.2.3 Different Cohesive Ties of Chinese and English Language
• 4.2.4 Subjectivity VS. Objectivity
• 4.3 The Causes of the Chinese and English Linguistic Images
• 4.3.1 Historic Divergence of the Development
• 4.3.2 Pictophonetic Writing System VS. Alphabetic Writing System
• 4.3.3 Analytic Language VS. Synthetic-Analytic Language
• 4.3.4 Paratactic Language V.S Hypotactic Language
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 A Diachronic Study of Linguistic Images of Chinese Expressions
• 5.1 A Dissection of the History of the Chinese Language
• 5.2 Macro-Study of the Inflections Marking the Semantic Images
• 5.3 Micro-Study of the Inflections Marking the Semantic Image
• 5.4 Motivations of the Development of Linguistic Images in Chinese and English
• 5.4.1 Cognitive Motivation
• 5.4.2 Language-Internal Motivations
• 5.4.3 External Motivations
• 5.5 Mechanisms for the Development of Linguistic Images in Chinese and English
• 5.5.1 Metaphor
• 5.5.2 Metonymy
• 5.5.3 Reanalysis
• 5.5.4 Analogy
• 5.6 Summary
• Chapter6 Conclusion
• 6.1 A Summary of This Thesis
• 6.2 The Pedagogical Implications of the Present Study
• 6.3 Limitations of the Present Study
• 6.4 Suggestions for Future Studies
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• 攻读学位期间论文发表的目录