语言共性：英汉概念隐喻对比研究

论文摘要

本文旨在对英汉概念隐喻共性及其产生原因加以研究。尽管语言之间存在诸多不同之处,但语言共性同样存在于几乎所有已知语言之中。研究语言共性主要有三种方法。第一是以Greenberg为代表的跨语言观,第二是以Chomsky为代表的心智主义语言观,第三是以Lakoff, Johnson和Langacker为代表的认知观。隐喻曾被看作是语言正常用法的偏离,是一种比喻,是一种语言装饰,与之相反,以Lakoff和Johnson为代表的认知语言学家认为隐喻不仅仅是一种通过语言表达思想的方式,而是一种思维方式。Lakoff和Johnson提出了概念隐喻这一概念,并对存在于英语中的许多概念隐喻加以研究,譬如,‘Time is money’等。对于概念隐喻,外国学者已经从认知角度做了大量的研究。过去的几年中,中国学者从认知角度研究概念隐喻的文章也屡屡出现在各种期刊和杂志中。然而,大部分研究仅仅局限于对外国理论的引进,独立的研究,特别是对于英汉一些概念隐喻的对比研究仍然非常少。本文将概念隐喻和语言共性结合起来,其目标是通过英汉认知对比,去揭示英汉概念隐喻是否存在共性,汉语中的空间,时间,基本情感,人体,基本颜色等概念隐喻,是否像英语中一样,也是主要通过从具体到粗象这样的隐喻过程来概念化的。本文的不同章节安排如下。第一章是本研究的简介。第二章是关于语言共性的综述。第三章是关于隐喻的综述。第四章对英汉中空间,时间,基本情感,人体,基本颜色等概念隐喻的共性及其原因加以详细论述。第五章是结论,包括一些发现,本研究的意义和应用,论文的局限及有待进一步研究的问题。通过对英汉概念隐喻的对比,本研究对当代的隐喻认知理论,特别是对概念隐喻理论具有一定意义。同时本研究对英语文化教学,翻译教学,英语词汇教学也具有很大的实践意义。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Object of the study
• 1.2 Problems with existing studies
• 1.3 Objectives of the present study
• 1.4 Notes on methodology
• 1.5 Arrangement of the thesis
• Chapter Two The current study on language universals
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Greenberg’s cross-linguistic view of language universals
• 2.3 Chomsky’s mentalism view of language universals
• 2.4 Cognitive approach to language universals
• Chapter Three An overview of metaphor in cognitive linguistics
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The cognitive nature of metaphor
• 3.3 The experiential basis of metaphor
• 3.4 The image-schema
• 3.5 The Invariance Principle
• 3.6 Summary
• Chapter Four Language Universals based on conceptual metaphors
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Language universals based on spatial metaphors
• 4.2.1 QUANTITY of something
• 4.2.2 SOCIAL HIERARCHY of people or organization
• 4.2.3 Time as space
• 4.2.4 STATES of people, objects or events
• 4.2.5 Summary
• 4.3 Language universals based on time metaphors
• 4.3.1 Time as space
• 4.3.2 Time as money metaphor
• 4.3.3 Time as container metaphor
• 4.3.4 Time as person metaphor
• 4.3.5 Summary
• 4.4 language universals based on Emotion metaphors
• 4.4.1 HAPPINESS metaphors between English and Chinese
• 4.4.2 ANGER metaphors between English and Chinese
• 4.4.3 SADNESS metaphors between English and Chinese
• 4.4.4 FEAR metaphors between English and Chinese
• 4.5 Language Universals based on body metaphors
• 4.5.1 Features of body metaphors
• 4.5.2 Mapping models of body metaphors
• 4.5.2.1 Mapping from body-part domain to concrete object domain
• 4.5.2.2 Mapping from body part to abstract object domain
• 4.5.2.3 Mapping from one body part to another
• 4.5.2.4 Mapping from non-body part domain to body-part domain
• 4.5.3 Summary
• 4.6 Language universals based on basic color metaphors
• 4.6.1 Mapping models of color metaphors
• 4.6.2 The double cognitive functions of basic color metaphors
• 4.6.3 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 The summary of the thesis
• 5.2 Some findings of the study
• 5.3 The significance in conceptual metaphor theory
• 5.4 Some implications of the study
• 5.4.1 The implication in the teaching of culture
• 5.4.2 The implication in the teaching of translation
• 5.4.3 The implication in the teaching of vocabulary
• 5.5 Limitation of the thesis and directions for further study
• REFERENCES