基于语料库的国际海事公约中条件句翻译的描述性研究

论文摘要

现代社会,航运已经成为国际贸易的最重要渠道,而海事公约在规范海事活动方面起着至关重要的作用。因此,海事公约的准确翻译对中国,作为一个国际海事组织的成员国来说,在履约方面起着举足轻重的作用。由于大部分海事公约的条款是在某些特定条件下才有效,因此条件句在海事公约中的出现频率很高。而含有条件句的句子往往比较复杂和冗长,所以海事公约中条件句的翻译,既是一个重点,也是一个难点。本文旨在对国际海事公约中条件句的翻译进行定量和定性分析,以寻求海事公约中条件句翻译的规律所在。本文运用语料库语言学的研究方法,收集了大约23万字的国际海事公约,采用Trados软件自动对齐的手段,建立了国际海事公约中英文本的平行语料库IMCPARA,又借助Perl语言编程提取了1,232个条件句和13个引导这些条件句的从属连词。结合翻译理论,在对这些语料进行定性和定量分析的基础上,得到了以下结论：1.海事公约中大量运用了条件句,在本语料库中的7,680个中英文对齐平行句中占16.04%；2.在国际海事公约中条件句的分布中,if引导的条件句在本语料库的所有条件句中以31.25%的比例占据第一；3.在国际海事公约条件句的翻译中存在某些规律。每个条件句的从属连词都有相对固定的几种翻译方法,如在IMCPARA中,if大多翻译成“如果,如,……时”；而这些固定译法大多都是该从属连词的词典翻译；4.在国际海事公约条件句的翻译中,意合翻译很少应用。在IMCPARA的所有条件句中,93.67%的条件句是形合翻译的,这说明了国际海事公约条件句的翻译遵守“信”的翻译原则；5.在国际海事公约条件句的翻译过程中,大多数翻译技巧都有所体现,如增译法,词类转移法,词序调整法,正说反译、反说正译法。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 International Maritime Conventions and Legal English
• 1.2 Linguistic Characteristics of Legal English
• 1.3 Importance of Conditionals in IMC
• 1.4 Methods used in the Study
• 1.5 Objectives and Significance ofthe Study
• 1.6 Layout of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Hypotaxis and Parataxis
• 2.2 English Conditionals
• 2.2.1 Direct Condition
• 2.2.2 Indirect Condition
• 2.2.3 English Conditional Subordinators
• 2.3 Chinese Conditionals
• 2.3.1 The Definition of Conditionals
• 2.3.2 Chinese Conditional Subordinators
• 2.4 Translation Theories
• 2.4.1 Criteria for Translation
• 2.4.2 Translation Techniques
• 2.5 Corpus-based Translation Studies
• Chapter 3 Research Methodology
• 3.1 Compliation of IMCPARA
• 3.2 Alignment ofIMCPARA
• 3.3 Extraction of Conditionals in IMCPARA
• Chapter 4 Analysis and Discussion
• 4.1 Distribution of English Conditionals in IMCPARA
• 4.2 Analysis of Translation of Conditionals in IMCPARA
• 4.2.1 Translation of Conditionals Introduced by if, when and where
• 4.2.2 Translation of Conditionals Introduced by except, unless and provided that
• 4.2.3 Translation of Conditionals Introduced by in case, in the event and whenever
• 4.2.4 Translation of Conditionals Introduced by once, so long as, as long as and wherever
• 4.3 Discussion of Translation of conditionals in IMCPARA
• 4.3.1 Distribution of Chinese Conditionals in IMCPARA
• 4.3.2 Discussion of Chinese Conditionals in IMCPARA
• 4.3.3 Hypotactic Translation and Paratactic Translation of Translation of conditionals in IMCPARA
• Chapter 5 Conclusions
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.2 Limitations of the Study
• 5.3 Directions for Further Studies
• References
• Appendix Ⅰ
• Appendix Ⅱ
• Appendix Ⅲ
• Acknowledgement
• Resume