专业背景知识在专业英语阅读中的补偿作用

专业背景知识在专业英语阅读中的补偿作用

论文摘要

阅读技能是外语学习中的一项主要技能,并且在外语学习中扮演着重要的角色。阅读的概念在近几十年不断的变化。最初阅读被认为是一种解码的过程,在这个过程中对读者的理解能力完全被忽略了。Goodman(1967)认为阅读就像一个心理语言学的猜谜游戏,它涉及到思维和语言的相互作用。现代心理学的图式理论认为,阅读是读者的背景知识与文章内容相互作用的过程。背景知识在英语阅读理解中所起到的作用已得到广泛的认可,国内外的研究者已经从不同的角度进行了探索。有关英语阅读理解的三个模式也适用于学术英语阅读,尤其是交互阅读模式(interactive models)在英语阅读教学中起重要作用,该理论提出在阅读时要运用“自上而下”模式和“自下而上”模式的交互,既强调低层次的解码能力,又重视运用图式去预测的高层次技巧,以及读者和文章之间的交互。学术英语阅读理解是一个英语专业知识和专业背景知识相互交叉作用的过程。对于非英语专业的大学生而言,专业背景知识在学术阅读中扮演着重要的角色。持Linguistic Threshold Theory观点的研究者认为,当一个人的外语水平达到一定程度后,母语的语言能力才能向外语发生迁移。本文研究的重点在于:在学术英语阅读中,读者的专业背景知识是否在任何情况下都会发生迁移和补偿。本文的研究对象是在校的大三学生,分别来自英语专业和化工专业,英语专业学生有较强的外语水平,而化工专业的学生有专业的化工背景知识。在进行了外语能力水平的测试后,研究者发现英语专业学生的英语水平远远高于化工专业。在分析专业性较低的学术阅读测试结果后发现,英语专业的测试成绩要高于化工专业的成绩。对专业性较强的阅读测试结果进行分析后发现,化工专业的阅读成绩要高于英语专业的成绩。由此初步得出结论:1.在学术英语阅读中,阅读材料专业性越强,读者已有的专业背景知识越强,对外语水平的要求就相对较低。2.在学术英语阅读中,阅读材料专业性较弱,读者的专业背景知识不足以弥补外语水平的欠缺。3.在学术英语阅读中,仅有专业背景知识是不够的,外语水平还需达到一定高度。本文由六大部分组成。第一部分主要介绍了研究的意义,目的及思路等。第二部分回顾了一些概念假设和前人的研究成果。第三部分是理论框架,也是本研究的理论基础,包括图式理论和交互补偿模式。第四部分是对本研究的陈述,包括实验设计,实验假设,实验对象以及实验过程。第五部分是对实验数据的分析和讨论。第六部分是对教学的启示和意义,以及本研究的结论和不足之处。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 中文摘要
  • List of Abbreviations
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Purpose of the Study
  • 1.2 Significance of the Study
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Reading and EAP Reading
  • 2.1.1 Reading
  • 2.1.2 Reading Comprehension
  • 2.1.3 Reading Models
  • 2.1.4 General Reading and EAP Reading
  • 2.1.5 Previous Studies on EAP Reading
  • 2.1.5.1 Studies Abroad
  • 2.1.5.2 Studies at Home
  • 2.2 The Relationship between Background Knowledge and L2 Proficiency
  • 2.2.1 The Background Knowledge
  • 2.2.2 The L2 Proficiency
  • 2.2.3 The Threshold Theory
  • 2.2.4 Previous Studies on Background Knowledge and English Proficiency
  • 2.2.4.1 Studies Abroad
  • 2.2.4.2 Studies at Home
  • 2.3 The Previous Studies on Schemata Theory
  • Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
  • 3.1 Schema Theory and Three Types of Schema
  • 3.1.1 Schema Theory
  • 3.1.2 The Types of Schema
  • 3.1.2.1 Liguistic Schema
  • 3.1.2.2 Content Schema
  • 3.1.2.3 Formal Schema
  • 3.2 The Interactive Compensatory
  • Chapter 4 The Present Study
  • 4.1 The Research Question
  • 4.2 Participants
  • 4.3 Research Instruments
  • 4.3.1 Pre-test Materials
  • 4.3.2 Two Sub-test Materials
  • 4.4 Experimental Procedure
  • 4.5 Data Collection and Analysis
  • Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
  • 5.1 Results and Discussion for L2 Proficiency Test
  • 5.2 Results and Discussion for Low Specific Test
  • 5.3 Results and Discussion for High Specific Test
  • 5.4 The Groups
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Major Finding
  • 6.2 Implication of the Study
  • 6.2.1 The Implication of Schema
  • 6.2.2 The Implication to EAP Reading
  • 6.3 Limitation of the Study
  • 6.4 Future Researches
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix Ⅰ The L2 Proficiency Test
  • Appendix Ⅱ The Low Academic Test
  • Appendix Ⅲ The High Academic Test
  • Acknowledgements
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    专业背景知识在专业英语阅读中的补偿作用
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