英汉人体隐喻认知性分析

英汉人体隐喻认知性分析

论文摘要

隐喻是语言中的一种普遍现象。自从2000多年以来,隐喻由于其与语言的密切关联性,逐渐受到越来越多关注。传统观点认为,隐喻是一种词语层次上的修辞方式,仅仅是语言的装饰,因此,对它的研究也就主要局限在语言层面和修辞手法上。Lakoff和Johnson的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书标志着从认知角度研究隐喻的开始。在书中,作者认为隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,而且也是一种认知现象,与人的思维方式和思维发展密切相关。人类思维源于入的生物本体,及由此感知的躯体经验和生活环境的自然状况,在此基础上形成人类基本的意象图式经验结构,即源认知域,再通过隐喻模式,具体的基本概念被映射到其他抽象的概念,即目的域中去。人类的认知规律总是遵循着由近及远,由自我到非自我,由简单到复杂,由熟悉到陌生,由具体到抽象,由实体到非实体的顺序逐步展开的,所以在认识外界万事万物的时候,世界各地的人们都不约而同地遵循着“近诸取身,远诸取物”的规律,也就是说,人们总是把自己的身体作为基准来衡量周围其他的事物,把对人体的认知经验用到对别的对象的认知上,把用于人体的概念投射到别的对象上面,从而建构新的概念,这就是人体隐喻化。(荀苗,2008)在早期的人类时代,远古人类就是将自己的身体作为衡量周围事物的标准,将身体的各个部位或者器官以各种方式投射于自身周围的客观物质世界,以此通过人体隐喻化的认知方式来不断的认识世界。由此可见,人类的认知最先起源于人类自身,人体隐喻化在人类理解外部世界的过程中起着重要的作用,是人类认识世界的一种重要的认知方式。通过人身体隐喻研究,人类可以认识和了解那些复杂和抽象的概念。然而,由于不同的民族其所处的地理位置、文化环境的不同,反映在人类语言中的人体隐喻化概念也具有一定的差异。本文以莱考夫和约翰逊提出的映射理论(The Cross-domain Mapping Theory),概念隐喻理论(Conceptual Metaphor Theory)以及约翰逊的意象图示(Image Schema)等认知理论为基础,通过对英汉语中大量人体隐喻词及表达方式的分析,主要回答如下问题:1.英汉语中存在的人体相关的隐喻表达方式是如何构建的?又是怎样被理解和表达的?2.怎样理解两种语言中存在的人体隐喻的异同现象?同时通过分析人体器官概念隐喻过程及其认知机制,得出如下结论:1.不同的语言系统体现了人类相似的认知过程——即通过具体的身体经验的隐喻化去理解抽象的情感,心理,思维等,从而不断理解和认识世界。2.人类的认知方式起源于自身,具有基于其身体经验的普遍性同时又带有强烈的文化色彩。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • List of Tables
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Background Information
  • 1.2 Organization of the Thesis
  • 1.3 Research Methods and Corpora in the Thesis
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Metaphor Studies Abroad
  • 2.1.1 The Rhetorical Research Period(from 300 B.C.—1930s)
  • 2.1.2 The Semantic Research Period(form 1930s—early 1970)
  • 2.1.3 The Multi-disciplined Research Period(from 1970s till now)
  • 2.2 Metaphor Studies at Home
  • 2.3 Previous Studies of Human Body Metaphors
  • Chapter 3 Theoretical Basis of the study
  • 3.1 Cognitive Nature of Metaphor
  • 3.2 Conceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Expressions
  • 3.3 Classifications of Conceptual Metaphor
  • 3.4 Experientialisms:the Philosophy Basis of Metaphor
  • 3.5 Image Schema
  • 3.6 Working Mechanism of Metaphor:Cross-Domain Mapping
  • 3.7 Metaphor and Culture
  • Chapter 4 Cognitive Analysis of Human Body Metaphors in English and Chinese
  • 4.1 Mapping from Human Body Domain to Non-body Domain
  • 4.1.1 Mapping from Body Domain to Concrete Non-body Domain
  • 4.1.2 Mapping from Body Domain to Abstract Non-body Domain
  • 4.1.2.1 Mapping from Body Domain to Address Domain
  • 4.1.2.2 Mapping from Body Domain to Description Domain
  • 4.1.2.3 Mapping from Body Domain to Emotion Domain
  • 4.1.2.4 Mapping from Body Domain to Action Domain
  • 4.1.2.5 Mapping from Body Domain to Language Concept Domain
  • 4.1.2.6 Mapping from Body Domain to Relationship Domain
  • 4.2 Mapping from Non-body Domain to Human Body Domain
  • 4.2.1 Mapping from Space Domain to Body Domain
  • 4.2.2 Mapping from Color Domain to Body Domain
  • 4.2.3 Mapping from Animal Domain to Body Domain
  • 4.2.4 Mapping from other Non-body Domains to Body parts Domain
  • 4.3 Mappings Between Two Different Parts of Human Body
  • 4.4 Summary of Similarities and Differences in the Two Languages
  • Chapter 5 Causes for Similarities and Differences Between English and Chinese BodyMetaphors
  • 5.1 Causes for Similarities
  • 5.2 Causes for Differences
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary of the Whole Study
  • 6.2 Significance of the Study
  • 6.3 Limitations and Suggestions
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
  • 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表
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    英汉人体隐喻认知性分析
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