基于顺应—推理模式分析三部美国情景剧中You Know的语用功能

论文摘要

在言语交际中,话语标记语不直接构成话语的命题内容,而是通过多种方式调控话语和言语交际的互动性（冉永平,2002:10）,从局部或整体对话语的生成与理解产生重要的影响,实现不同的语用功能。运用在话语标记语的研究主要有Schiffrin的连贯理论,Fraser的句法-语用理论,Sperber & Wilson的关联理论和Verschueren的顺应理论。虽然话语标记语的研究成果较为丰富,但研究发现对话语标记语的生成和理解过程尤其是针对某一话语标记语语用功能的深入探讨仍有较大的研究空间,。本文以Verschueren的顺应理论和Sperber & Wilson的关联理论为支撑,借鉴国内冉永平（2002）有关言语交际互动的研究,将顺应和关联结合起来形成顺应-推理分析模式,聚焦在英语口语中较为典型的话语标记语youknow,并选取三部美国情景剧（Friends,Brothers and Sisters,EverybodyLoves Raymond）作为分析文本,探讨you know在上述语篇中不同语境因素下的语用功能,包括you know在语篇层次上的广义的语用功能。本研究采用定量与定性结合的方法。作者首先借用Verschueren的分类将语境分为语言语境与交际语境,并计算出you know在上述三部情景剧中出现的频度和分布,之后用顺应—推理模式定性分析了you know在说话人和听话人之间的言语交际中如何实现言与意的互动,探讨在这一过程中所产生的语境效果和语用意义,即言语形式与交际意图在不同语境下相互制约及相互转化而达到的交际目的。本研究解读了you know在美国三部情景剧中的语用功能,证明了顺应—推理模式对话语标记语在语用和语篇层面上有较好的解释力,拓宽了对youknow这类话语标记语语用功能的研究。本文作者希望此研究能为以后话语标记语的进一步研究做出贡献。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Origins of You Know
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.2.1 Terminology and Working Definition
• 1.2.2 Approaches to Discourse Markers and Researches on You Know
• 1.3 Purpose of This Dissertation
• 1.4 Methods of Data Collection and Analysis
• Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
• 2.1 Relevance Theory
• 2.1.1 Sperber and Wilson's Approach to Human Communication
• 2.1.2 Ostensive-Inferential Communication
• 2.1.3 Contextual Effect and the Principle of Relevance
• 2.2 Adaptation Theory
• 2.2.1 Linguistic Choices
• 2.2.2 Three Properties of Language
• 2.2.3 Four Angles of Investigation and Meaning Generation
• Chapter 3 You Know in Adaptation-Inference Model
• 3.1 Adaptation-Inference Model
• 3.2 Putting You Know in Adaptation-Inference Model
• Chapter 4 Contextual Elements and the use of You Know in the Three American Sitcoms
• 4.1 You Know in Different Contextual Elements
• 4.2 You Know in Different Linguistic Contexts
• 4.2.1 You Know in Initial Position
• 4.2.2 You Know in Final Position of the Utterance
• 4.2.2.1 You Know with Suspension Signs
• 4.2.2.2 You Know with Interrogative Signs
• 4.2.2.3 You Know with Comma and Narrative Signs
• 4.3 You Know in Different Social Elements
• 4.3.1 You Know Based on Social Power
• 4.3.2 You Know Based on Social Distance
• 4.3.3 You Know Based on Social Classes
• 4.3.4 You Know Based on Social Morality
• 4.4 You Know in Different Psychological Elements
• 4.4.1 You Know Based on Personalities
• 4.4.2 You Know Based on Emotions
• 4.4.3 You Know Based on Beliefs
• 4.4.4 You Know Based on Desires and Wishes
• 4.5 You Know in Different Physical Elements
• 4.5.1 You Know Based on Time of Utterance
• 4.5.2 You Know Based on Place of Utterance
• 4.5.3 You Know Based on Event of Utterance
• 4.6 Summary
• Chapter 5 Pragmatic Functions of You Know in the Three American Sitcoms
• 5.1 You Know as a Reminding Marker
• 5.2 You Know as a Face-strategies Marker
• 5.3 You Know as a Turn-switching Marker
• 5.4 You Know as a Emotion-describing Marker
• 5.5 You Know as a Correcting Marker
• 5.6 You Know as a Hesitation Marker
• 5.7 You Know as a Further Explanation Marker
• 5.8 Summary
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Article Published