情景剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》言语幽默的语用分析

论文摘要

幽默作为一个多学科课题,一直受到哲学、心理学、文学、社会学、语言学、人类学等诸多领域的学者们关注。二十世纪八十年代后,随着语用学的发展,很多语言学家开始从语用学的角度重新阐释言语幽默现象。作为言语幽默的成功载体之一,情景喜剧随着信息全球化尤其是网络的应用而得到了广泛传播。本文选取美国当前热播情景剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》为研究对象,尝试对剧中的言语幽默作语用分析研究。本文在传统幽默研究理论如乖讹论、松弛论、优越论的基础上,结合语用学合作原则、礼貌原则、关联原则等,从幽默的产生和理解两个方面,对《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的言语幽默进行分析,探讨认知语境与幽默效果产生的关系,同时还对英语幽默中所体现出的其他语用特征,如指示语的指示转移、预设的取消等也进行了分析,以期能揭示英语言语幽默的深层结构及内在工作机制。本研究认为,情景剧剧本作家通过灵活的语用策略,如刻意让角色在交际中有意或无意地违反合作原则,违反或遵守礼貌原则,制造最大关联和最佳关联的差异等,导致说话者的主观意图与听话者/观众的客观理解之间的不一致,从而对交际效果施加影响,创造喜剧对话笑料,激发观众笑点;人们对言语幽默的理解首先取决于对话语/文字的字面意思的理解,其次需要理解语境,借助抽象思维,推断出在特定的语境下话语的特定含义。本研究不仅能够加强中国观众对于情景喜剧言语幽默的推理和欣赏能力,从而更好地理解、享受并使用幽默来促进言语交际,同时也可以帮助英语学习者进一步掌握语言内在规律,从而提高英语语言运用能力。本文共有六部分构成,第一章为引言,第二章至第三章为文章主题部分,第四章为结论部分。第二章为文献综述部分,概要介绍了言语幽默的定义,分类及其语用分析所依据的语用理论,如合作原则,礼貌原则和关联理论等,同时也简要回顾了幽默研究理论,重点介绍了近年来幽默的语用研究成果。第三章为本研究的核心部分,在传统幽默研究理论的基础上,结合现代语用学合作原则、礼貌原则、关联原则等,分别从幽默的产生和理解两个方面,对《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的言语幽默进行分析。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract （English）
• Abstract （Chinese）
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 The Rationale of the Study
• 1.2 Research Methodology
• 1.2.1 Research Procedure
• 1.2.2 Data Description
• 1.3 Framework of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Definition of Humor
• 2.2 Classification of Humor
• 2.3 Previous Studies on Humor
• 2.3.1 Traditional Theories on Humor
• 2.3.1.1 Superiority/Disparagement Theory
• 2.3.1.2 Release/Relief Theory
• 2.3.1.3 Incongruity Theory
• 2.3.2 Modern Linguistic Theories on Humor
• 2.3.2.1 The Semantic Script Theory of Humor （SSTH）
• 2.3.2.2 The General Theory of Verbal Humor （GTVH）
• 2.3.2.3 Audience-based Theory
• 2.4 Conversational Implicature Theory
• 2.4.1 Classic Gricean Conversational Implicature Theory
• 2.4.2 Neo-Gricean Conversational Implicature Theory
• 2.4.2.1 Politeness Principle
• 2.4.2.2 Relevance Theory
• 2.5 Pragmatic Studies on Humor
• Chapter Three Pragmatic Exploration of Humor in How I Met Your Mother
• 3.1 Cooperative Principle and Humor Production
• 3.1.1 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Quantity
• 3.1.1.1 Humor Produced by Inadequate Information
• 3.1.1.2 Humor Produced by Excessive Information
• 3.1.2 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Quality
• 3.1.3 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Relation
• 3.1.3.1 Unconscious Violation of the Maxim of Relation
• 3.1.3.2 Deliberate Violation of the Maxim of Relation
• 3.1.4 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Manner
• 3.1.4.1 Humor Produced by Flexible Use of Deixis
• 3.1.4.2 Humor Produced by Tactful Use of Presupposition
• 3.2 Politeness Principle and Humor Production
• 3.2.1 Humor Produced by Flouting the Politeness Principle
• 3.2.1.1 Humor Produced by Flouting the Tact Maxim
• 3.2.1.2 Humor Produced by Flouting the Generosity Maxim
• 3.2.1.3 Humor Produced by Flouting the Approbation Maxim
• 3.2.1.4 Humor Produced by Flouting the Modesty Maxim
• 3.2.1.5 Humor Produced by Flouting the Agreement Maxim
• 3.2.1.6 Humor Produced by Flouting the Sympathy Maxim
• 3.2.2 Humor Produced by Abiding the Politeness Principle
• 3.3 Relevance Theory and Humor Perception
• 3.3.1 Socio-cultural Knowledge and the Humor Perception
• 3.3.2 Cognitive Context and the Humor Perception
• Chapter Four Conclusion
• 4.1 Summary of the Study
• 4.2 Limitations of the Study
• 4.3 Suggestions and Implications for Further Study
• Bibliography