目的论观照下的林纾英译《块肉余生述》

论文摘要

林纾的翻译在翻译界一直备受争议,他翻译的《块肉余生述》作为其代表作一直都被学者们视作“不忠”“不信”的典型,但是就是这样一部充满“错译”“漏译”的译作却在当时的社会背景下,受到读者的热烈欢迎。这对一直提倡翻译对等的传统翻译研究是一次不小的冲击。传统的翻译研究一直从原文出发,将忠实原文作为翻译优劣的唯一评判标准,却忽略了译者翻译目的和译文读者要求在翻译过程中的重要作用。但目的论的问世为《块肉余生述》的成功提供了合理的解释。本文以林纾的译作《块肉余生述》为例,摈弃原有翻译对等理论框架,结合Hans Vermeer提出的目的论来证明林纾是如何在特殊的政治文化背景下,受特定的翻译目的操纵,创作出流芳百世的David Copperfield中文译本,同时也想从另一个层面上证实目的论在文学翻译中的可操作性。本文首先介绍了研究的理论基础,在阐述目的论发展流程的基础上,结合目的论中的关键概念,研究其在文学翻译中的灵活运用。通过对原作和不同译作创作背景的比较,分析了形成林纾特殊译本的原因,并且得出目的决定翻译行为的结论。在此基础上,文章以目的论的三原则为着眼点,深入分析当时政治背景以及主流诗学对林纾翻译的影响,分别从目的法则、连贯法则和忠实法则分析译文内容,尤其是重点分析对外国文化内容的翻译。作者发现当时社会政治背景影响下所形成的目的—警世强国决定了林纾所采用的改写、删节、增译等翻译方法。同时,在主流诗学的影响与引导下,译者也确保了《块肉余生述》的可接受性。通过对《块肉余生述》的系统分析研究,作者发现：当时特殊文化、政治背景不仅影响了林纾的翻译目的,而且还决定了林纾特殊的翻译手法。林纾能够灵活的运用各种翻译策略达到预期的翻译目的,并且创造出得到当时译文读者肯定的译本,这不仅证明了林纾对David Copperfield的翻译充分反映了当时社会的翻译要求,也从侧面证实了林纾的翻译是完全可取的。另一方面,林纾的译本《块肉余生述》能够在当时社会背景下得到读者的肯定,也从侧面印证了多年后出现的目的论的可行性,尤其证明了一直被认为只适用于实用型翻译中的目的论在文学翻译中的应用亦是可行的。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Background and Significance of the Paper
• 1.2 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 The Previous Research on Lin Shu's Translation
• 2.2 The Previous Research on Lin Shu's Translation of David Copperfield
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 The Systematic Development of Skopostheorie
• 3.2 Basic Aspects of Skopostheorie
• 3.2.1 Key Concepts
• 3.2.1.1 Skopos
• 3.2.1.2 Translation Brief
• 3.2.2 Three Rules of Skopostheorie
• 3.2.2.1 Skopos Rule
• 3.2.2.2 Coherence Rule
• 3.2.2.3 Fidelity Rule
• 3.3 Different Aspects of Literary Translation in Light of Skopostheorie
• Chapter Four Charles Dickens'David Copperfield and Lin Shu's Kuai Rou YuSheng Shu
• 4.1 Charles Dickens and His David Copperfield
• 4.2 Different Chinese Versions of David Copperfield
• 4.3 Lin Shu and His Kuai Rou Yu Sheng Shu
• 4.4 Comparison between Different Intentions of Dickens and Lin Shu
• 4.4.1 Purpose for Writing David Copperfield
• 4.4.2 Purpose for Translating David Copperfield
• Chapter Five Case study from the Perspective of Skopostheorie
• 5.1 Political Influence on Lin Shu's Translation of David Copperfield
• 5.1.1 Political Background in the Late Qing Dynasty
• 5.1.2 Political Influence on Kuai Rou Yu Sheng Shu
• 5.2 Poeticological Influence on Lin Shu's Translation of David Copperfield
• 5.2.1 Poeticological Background in the Late Qing Dynasty
• 5.2.2 Poeticological Influence on Lin Shu's Kuai Rou Yu Sheng Shu
• 5.3 Skopos Rule in Kuai Rou Yu Sheng Shu
• 5.3.1 The Original Text As an Offer of Information
• 5.3.2 Lin Shu's Tactics in Achieving Purpose
• 5.3.2.1 Omission
• 5.3.2.2 Addition
• 5.3.2.3 Adaptation
• 5.3.2.4 Transliteration
• 5.4 Coherence Rule in Kuai Rou Sheng Shu
• 5.4.1 To Cater to the Readers' Reading Habit
• 5.4.1.1 The Employment of Classical Chinese
• 5.4.1.2 The Change of Point of View
• 5.4.1.3 Omission of Description
• 5.4.2 For a Better Comprehension of the Original Text
• 5.4.2.1 Addition of Interjections
• 5.4.2.2 Omission of the Sub-titles
• 5.4.2.3 Addition of Figurative Words
• 5.4.2.4 Addition of Onomatopoeia
• 5.5 Fidelity Rule in Kuai Rou Yu Sheng Shu
• 5.5.1 Fidelity to SLT in the Main Plots
• 5.5.2 Fidelity to SLT in Humorous and Ironical Effect
• 5.5.2.1 By Means of Simile and Metaphor
• 5.5.2.2 By Means of Exaggeration
• 5.5.2.3 By Means of Parallelism
• 5.6 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings of the Study
• 6.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research
• Works Cited
• Publications