英汉翻译中“的”字的用法

论文摘要

汉语的一大特征是简洁,其存在于遣词、造句,更深层次来说,还存在于思维。为使译文符合目的语的表达习惯,汉语译文应当做到简洁。然而,在英汉翻译实践和出版物中,冗长拗口的译文并不少见。其中不乏因为不恰当使用“的”字而造成的。因此,本研究围绕英汉翻译中“的”字使用不当的现象,以提出对应的观点和建议。“的”字的用法不可小觑,用得恰当,能使译文变得简洁、有弹性；用得不当,则使译文僵硬繁冗。论文主要采用定量分析和案例研究的方法。案例主要选自杂志、小说；定量分析的方法是,笔者选取文学、科技、法律文本各二十篇,考察“的”字在其中的具体用法,归纳出其中的规律,总结其特点,指导翻译实践。得出的结论是：每个汉语小句中“的”字用量不应超过两个；应发挥“的”字的替代作用,使译文简洁、地道；应避免不必要的名词化结构,以确保译文简洁易懂。本研究的意义在于,通过调整“的”字的用法,可以促使译者和翻译学习者斟酌用词、简化句子结构,从而避免公式化的翻译模式。公式化翻译指的是把英语的单词、句子固定地译为汉语里某些词和句,而不考虑其它更恰当的表达。这种翻译模式往往使译文僵硬,意思晦涩。同时,探讨“的”字的用法,更是为了呼吁译者和翻译学习者追求译文的美感。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Content
• Introduction
• Chapter Ⅰ Literature review
• 1.1 A brief history of "de"
• 1.2 Previous studies on the usages of "de"
• 1.3 Previous studies on the number of "de"
• 1.4 Previous studies on nominalization
• Chapter Ⅱ The number of "de" in a clause
• 2.1 Data collection
• 2.2 The maximum of "de" in a clause
• 2.3 The optimum number of "de" in a Pianzheng structure
• 2.4 Skills of deleting "de"
• 2.4.1 Direct modification
• 2.4.2 Variation
• Chapter Ⅲ "de" as a substitute word
• 3.1 "de" as a substitute word and its application in translation
• 3.2 Other sentence patterns of "de" as a substitute
• 3.3 "de" as a substitute word in scientific and legal writing
• Chapter Ⅳ Unnecessary nominalization
• 4.1 Categories of nominalization in E-C translation
• 4.1.1 The first one:N+V, without "de"
• 4.1.2 The second one:a weak verb+"de"+verb
• 4.1.3 The third one:N+"de"+V
• 4.1.4 The forth one:preposition+N+"de"+V
• Chapter Ⅴ The significance of this study
• 5.1 Avoid formulized translation
• 5.2 Call in the concept of elegance
• Conclusion
• Appendix
• Reference
• Acknowledgements