基于现代汉语语料库的“口、嘴”类词认知分析

论文摘要

本文基于北大现代汉语语料库,运用Lakoff和Johnson提出的概念隐喻理论和Goossens的隐喻换喻学说,对现代汉语中的“口、嘴”类词进行认知分析。本研究采用语料库研究方法以弥补Lakoff等在研究方法上的不足,通过对所收集的语料进行分析,探究身体经验在“口、嘴”类词语义扩展过程中所起的作用以及隐喻、换喻这两种重要认知机制如何在此扩展过程中起作用。此外,本文也是从汉语角度检验概念隐喻理论解释力的一个尝试。语料分析结果表明,“口、嘴”类词语义扩展过程大体上是基于口这一人体器官的生理特征:口有一定的形状,具有饮食、发声、说话的功能。“口、嘴”类词语义扩展过程还受其他因素的影响。隐喻、换喻则是促使语义扩展的两个及其重要的认知机制。从语料分布来看,包含换喻的“口、嘴”类词占整个语料60%以上,这也验证了一些学者的看法:换喻对语言而言更为基本。语料分析结果还表明,隐喻与换喻之间的区别并未如概念隐喻理论所描绘得那么简单。从语料中我们可以看出隐喻和换喻之间的界限有一定的模糊性,而且相互影响。总之,这项研究证实了概念隐喻理论对汉语语料的解释力,同时也表明了语料库作为一种新的研究方法对概念隐喻的研究发展有极大的促进作用。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 中文文摘
• Synopsis
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Dissertation
• 1.3 Differences between 口（kou）'mouth' and 嘴（zui）'mouth'
• 1.4 Corpus and Methodology
• 1.5 Significance of this Study
• 1.6 Organization
• Chapter Two Theories of Metaphor
• 2.1 The Comparison Theory
• 2.2 The Substitution Theory
• 2.3 The Interaction Theory
• 2.4 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
• 2.4.1 Background
• 2.4.2 Philosophical Basis
• 2.4.3 Nature of Metaphor
• 2.4.4 Structure of Metaphor
• 2.4.5 The Invariance Principle
• 2.4.6 Metonymy
• 2.5 Problems faced by CMT
• 2.6 Solutions to the Problems Faced by CMT
• 2.6.1 A Corpus-based Approach
• 2.6.2 Interaction between Metaphor and Metonymy
• Chapter Three Data Analysis
• 3.1 Data and methodology
• 3.2 Metonymy
• 3.2.1 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR THE PERSON
• 3.2.2 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR EATING
• 3.2.3 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR SPEAKING
• 3.2.4 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR UTTERANCE
• 3.2.5 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR THE LIPS
• 3.2.6 THE MOUTH STANDS FOR LOOKS
• 3.2.7 PHYSICAL ACTION STANDS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE
• 3.2.8 PHYSICAL ACTION STANDS FOR RESULT
• 3.2.9 Mapping the Mouth onto other Body Parts
• 3.3 Metaphor from Metonymy
• 3.4 Metaphor
• 3.4.1 Mapping the Mouth onto Animals
• 3.4.2 Mapping the Mouth onto Inanimate Objects
• 3.4.3 Mapping the Mouth as Passage
• 3.4.4 Mapping the Mouth as Rim
• 3.4.5 Mapping the Mouth as a Cause of Injury
• 3.4.6 Mapping the Mouth as a Department
• 3.5 Metonymy within Metaphor
• 3.6 The Shift from Noun to Quantifier
• 3.6.1 The Mouth as a Quantifier for People,Grain,Cropland,etc
• 3.6.2 The Mouth as a Quantifier for Language
• 3.6.3 The Mouth as a Quantifier for a Moustache,Teeth,etc
• 3.6.4 The Mouth as a Quantifier for such Animals as Pigs,Cows,etc
• 3.6.5 The Mouth as a Quantifier for such Objects as Wells,Pots,etc
• 3.6.6 The Mouth as a Quantifier for such Things as Food,Air,etc
• 3.7 Summary
• Chapter Four Conclusion
• References
• Appendix
• 攻读学位期间承担的科研任务与主要成果
• Acknowledgement
• 个人简历