视网膜母细胞瘤家系的基因突变检测和遗传咨询

视网膜母细胞瘤家系的基因突变检测和遗传咨询

论文摘要

【背景】视网膜母细胞瘤(Retinoblastoma,RB)是婴幼儿最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤。其致病基因RB1位于染色体13q14,是人类发现的第一个抑癌基因。遗传性RB与非遗传性RB在临床表现、突变特征和处理方面各不相同。分子遗传学研究能够更早发现并明确RB风险,从而为进一步诊断和治疗提供依据,最终实现改善预后的目的,因此具有重要意义。RB1基因突变谱极为广泛,给检测带来困难,但分子生物学的发展已经提供了许多有效工具,联合应用能够获得良好的检出率。【目的】收集视网膜母细胞瘤患者(家系),完成基因诊断,了解突变携带状态,并将结果应用于遗传咨询;丰富RB突变谱。【方法】提取患者外周血和肿瘤组织(如果有)的基因组DNA,设计引物扩增RB1基因各外显子及其侧翼序列和启动子,直接测序与参考序列比对,以检测碱基更替、小片段缺失/插入等小突变。【结果】在1例遗传性RB家系外周血中检出生殖细胞突变g.39470 G>T,产生终止密码子,先证者肿瘤组织中检出体细胞突变g.2078 ins C,证实肿瘤发生的“twohit”模型。在1例散发双侧RB患者外周血中检出生殖细胞突变g.45844 G>A,产生终止密码子。其中g.39470 G>T和g.45844 G>A均为首次报告。另外在2例散发单侧RB患者中未检出生殖细胞突变,对其中1例肿瘤组织的序列分析显示可能存在杂合性缺失现象。【结论】直接测序法应用于视网膜母细胞瘤的基因诊断是可行的,利用较低成本即可检出大部分突变,阴性者可继续选择其他手段予以检测。基因诊断可应用于指导遗传咨询,对携带致病突变者加强随访可尽早发现肿瘤以保存视力。

论文目录

  • 缩略词表
  • 中文摘要
  • 英文摘要
  • 前言
  • 材料和方法
  • 1 研究对象
  • 2 标本采集
  • 3 实验材料
  • 4 实验方法
  • 结果
  • 1 临床资料
  • 2 PCR扩增和电泳结果
  • 3 测序结果
  • 讨论
  • 1 RB1基因突变的检测方法
  • 2 测序结果分析
  • 3 视网膜母细胞瘤基因诊断的临床意义
  • 4 建立恰当的视网膜母细胞瘤基因检测策略
  • 5 本研究的局限性和展望
  • 结论
  • 参考文献
  • 综述
  • 参考文献
  • 致谢
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    视网膜母细胞瘤家系的基因突变检测和遗传咨询
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