中国工商银行的国际化发展战略

中国工商银行的国际化发展战略

论文摘要

随着中国外向型经济的日益发展和全球金融一体化,中资银行的国际化发展已经越来越受到专家学者的关注和讨论。而其中扮演着中资银行领头羊角色的中国工商银行的国际化发展战略和进程必定将对中国本土银行的海外发展产生指导性的意义。本文首先简要分析了中国银行业的现状,包括四大国有银行在市场份额,资产,经营范围,网点,员工人数等方面仍旧占有主导地位;股份制商业银行和城市商业银行的竞争力和市场份额伴随着来自监管部门的地域限制的逐步取消,境外战略投资者的引入和公开上市在不断扩大;外资银行的市场参与在中国金融业全面开放之后日益深入广泛,但是所占市场比例依然很小。其次,本文介绍了中国工商银行及其在经过一系列重大改革(财务重组,境外战略投资者的引入和公开上市)之后在国际金融市场上竞争所拥有的资源和能力;详细描述了中国工商银行16年跨国经营的历程,包括海外机构的设立以及并购活动,并总结了其发展特点:“客户追随”是中国工商银行国际化发展的最大动因;国际化步伐在逐渐加快,注重发展新兴市场;东道国进入方式日趋多元化;产品提供主要集中在贸易融资,国际结算和银团贷款等公司业务;与真正世界领先银行相比,中国工商银行的国际化程度在境外资产,境外收入和境外员工等方面仍旧处于初级发展阶段。国际化发展是中国工商日后的发展重点之一,但同时中国工商银行也面临着来自内部系统和外部环境的诸多挑战。内部挑战包括缺少跨国经营发展的经验和管理理念;缺乏国际化专业人才;相对薄弱的风险管理能力以及海外机构信息系统的建设和整合。外部挑战包含有当前全球金融市场的高风险性;新巴塞尔资本协议的实施要求;东道国银行业的监管制度和日益抬头的贸易保护主义;以及国家和公司层面的文化差异。本文作者提出了4条战略选择供中国工商银行的日后国际化发展参考。一是与境外金融机构达成战略合作。不仅可以向其学习国际化发展的经验和专业技能,还可以利用其在全球金融市场方面的各种资源,例如互补性的金融产品以及经营网点。二是优先发展新兴市场。新兴市场处在经济高速发展阶段,具有巨大的潜力;金融市场的竞争和银行渗透率不如发达国家激烈;与中国之间拥有紧密的经济合作;银行业在快速开放;受次贷危机影响较小。三是主要依靠跨国并购来支持其海外拓展。中国工商银行可以通过海外并购来加速其国际化发展以满足来自中国企业快速增长的跨国金融服务的需求;中国工商银行可以充分利用其相对较高的股价来并购国外银行,尤其在许多国外银行的市值纷纷遭受次贷危机影响的情况下;中国工商银行可以利用被并购银行的各种资源,例如对本地市场的了解和经验,在本地市场所拥有的金融产品,经营网点,雇员甚至是品牌;并购也将给中国工商银行提供一条混业经营的捷径;最后,海外并购将帮助中国工商银行规避一些东道国市场的进入门槛和监管政策。在选择并购对象时,对于中国工商银行来说,最重要的筛选原则应该是战略投资而不是财务投资。而同时,并购后的整合将很大程度上决定并购交易成功与否。中国工商银行应该做好产品线,公司治理结构,员工,公司文化,信息系统等诸多方面的整合。四是具体开展经营活动时,根据东道国市场的不同情况,海外机构发展的不同阶段,采取不同的经营策略。于此同时,本地化经营是中国工商银行国际化过程中应该坚持的一个方针,包括资金来源的本地化,资产投资的本地化,人力资源的本地化以及客户群体的本地化。最后,中国工商银行应该努力加快实施新巴塞尔资本协议来提高风险管理和应付能力。

论文目录

  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Foreword
  • 1 Research objectives and method
  • 1.1 Research background
  • 1.2 Research objectives
  • 1.3 Research framework and method
  • 1.4 Research contribution
  • 1.4.1 Theoretical contribution
  • 1.4.2 Insight for practice
  • 2 Literature review of bank internationalization
  • 2.1 The theoretical groundwork for internationalization
  • 2.2 Incentives to internationalize
  • 2.3 Entry mode
  • 2.4 Internationalization evolution
  • 2.5 Chinese bank internationalization
  • 3 Current status of Chinese banking industry
  • 3.1 Dominated by the "Big Four"
  • 3.2 Increasing competitiveness of Joint Stock Commercial banks and City Commercial Banks
  • 3.3 Increasing foreign participation with still low ownership
  • 4 ICBC profile and its international activities
  • 4.1 Brief introduction of ICBC
  • 4.2 Resource and capability to compete in the global arena
  • 4.3 Internationalization development
  • 4.3.1 Institutions abroad
  • 4.3.2 M&A activities
  • 4.3.3 Characteristics of current status of ICBC's internationalization development
  • 5 Challenges for ICBC in the future internationalization development
  • 5.1 Internal challenges
  • 5.1.1 Lack of international experience and managerial skills
  • 5.1.2 Lack of international human resource
  • 5.1.3 Low risk management capability
  • 5.1.4 Construction and integration of information system
  • 5.2 External challenges
  • 5.2.1 High risk of current global financial market
  • 5.2.2 New Basel Capital Accord requirements
  • 5.2.3 Regulation and Protectionism of host country
  • 5.2.4 Cultural distance
  • 6 Strategic avenues for ICBC to approach the international market
  • 6.1 Strategic partnerships with foreign financial institutions
  • 6.2 Location:Focus on emerging markets
  • 6.3 Entry mode:Rely on M&A supplemented by Greenfield
  • 6.4 Business development and operation:Differentiation,Localization and Implementation of Basel Ⅱ
  • 7 Conclusion
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
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    中国工商银行的国际化发展战略
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