从认知角度看计算机用语中的概念隐喻

从认知角度看计算机用语中的概念隐喻

论文摘要

长期以来,隐喻一直被视为一种修辞手法,但近二十七年来受到了认知语言学家的挑战。美国语言学家莱可夫和约翰逊认为概念隐喻不仅存在于人类的语言中,而且存在于人类的思想和行为中;概念隐喻不是一种表面现象,而是一种更高层次的认知机制。隐喻的本质在于借助一事物理解和体验另一事物,它把源域的基本结构映射到目标域,因此,隐喻成了抽象思维的所在地。这种对语言的新的认知带领人们从新的角度看待隐喻。概念整合理论是对概念隐喻理论的改进和补充,它包含了概念隐喻理论未涉入的一些观点,因此能处理一些更为复杂的事例。在这个科技高度发达的社会里,计算机的发展速度是惊人的,它给我们的生活带来了巨大的影响,并形成了一系列的计算机文化。而随着计算机的兴起,隐喻也开始渗入计算机领域。一些学者从不同角度对计算机及网络隐喻进行研究,但普遍研究是关于图形隐喻并探讨如何将其应用到软件开发或网站建设上,而没有涉及隐喻性语言;一部分虽然涉及隐喻性语言,但还是囿于传统的隐喻理论框架,只把计算机隐喻看作一种修辞手段。本文从认知角度出发,通过分析日常生活中的计算机用语,探索并研究计算机隐喻的基本结构及其认知作用,旨在使人们意识到计算机隐喻的普遍性及重要性。语料分析表明,隐喻在计算机领域普遍存在并体现了我们对计算机的认识,这种认识不仅表现在计算机用语里,也表现在日常人际交流中。在语料分析中,本文运用两种隐喻理论,即概念隐喻理论(Lakoff &Johnson, 1980)及概念整合理论(Fauconnier & Turner,1998)发现它们各有所长,堪为互补。概念隐喻理论侧重于系统地概括归纳,而概念整合理论则更适用于具体语境的个案分析。在计算机隐喻领域的研究中,我们可以各取所长,综合运用。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • 0.1 Theoretical Basis of the Thesis
  • 0.2 Structure of the Thesis
  • 0.3 Aim and Objectives
  • Chapter 1 Literature Review of the Study of Metaphor
  • 1.1 The Classical Views of Metaphor
  • 1.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
  • 1.2.1 Conceptual Metaphor and Its Nature
  • 1.2.2 The Philosophical Basis: Experientialism
  • 1.2.3 The Mechanism: Cross-domain Mapping and Image Schema
  • 1.2.4 The Principle of Conceptual Metaphor: Invariance Principle
  • 1.3 Conceptual Blending Theory
  • 1.3.1 Domains vs. Mental Spaces
  • 1.3.2 Basic Process of Blending
  • 1.3.3 The Principle of the Blending Theory: Optimality Principle
  • Chapter 2 Data and Methodology Consideration
  • 2.1 Comparison of Two Theories
  • 2.2 Reasons for the Option of Computerspeak
  • 2.3 Previous Studies on the Field of Computer Language
  • 2.4 Data Description for Analysis
  • Chapter3 A Cognitive Analysis of Computer Metaphors
  • 3.1 Features of Computerspeak
  • 3.2 Metaphors and Schemata Organizing the Computerspeak
  • 3.2.1 A Computer is a Building
  • 3.2.2 A Computer is a Living Being
  • 3.2.3 A Computer is a Community
  • 3.2.4 A Computer is Liquid
  • 3.3 Multiple Conceptualization of the Internet
  • 3.3.1 The Internet is a World
  • 3.3.1.1 The Internet is a Book
  • 3.3.1.2 The Internet is a Marketplace
  • 3.3.1.3 The Internet is an Ocean
  • 3.3.1.4 The Internet is a Road
  • 3.3.1.5 The Internet is a War
  • 3.3.2 Summary
  • 3.4 Case Study of the Mechanism of Computer Metaphors
  • 3.4.1 Case One —VIRUS metaphor
  • 3.4.2 Case Two —Complex Metaphors Involving More Than Two Input
  • 3.4.3 Brief Explanation of the New Findings
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
  • Appendix(攻读学位期间主要的研究成果目录)
  • 详细摘要
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