从交际能力角度研究四级考试的预期和实际反拨效应

从交际能力角度研究四级考试的预期和实际反拨效应

论文摘要

反拨效应是应用语言学的一个新兴领域,主要指语言测试对教学的影响,有正面效应和负面效应之分。本文主要考察大学英语四级考试对英语教学的反拨效应。反拨效应研究在国内外有过很多,并有丰硕的成果。但是对大学英语四级考试的反拨效应研究不多,而且这些研究多是探讨反拨效应对教师教学方法和教学内容的影响。本文试图从一个新的角度——交际能力入手,具体细致的探讨大学英语四级考试的反拨效应。本文首先对一些四级考试的组织者和策划者的论文及颁发的文件入手,分析得出大学英语考试的一个主要预期效应是发展学生的交际能力,然后通过对60名教师和240名学生的问卷调查、课堂活动观察、访谈等方式,考察教师和学生对四级考试在发展学生交际能力的认识及四级考试对教学在发展学生交际能力上的实际影响。从得到的数据和资料显示,大学英语四级考试(包括四级口语考试)远远没有达到其发展学生交际能力的预期目的,并且在很大程度上阻碍了学生交际能力的发展。基于调查中发现的这一差异,作者分析了导致差异产生的原因,并提出了减小差异的建议,如增加测试的真实性,普及大学英语四级口语考试,正确处理教、学和考试三者之间的关系等。此外,针对大学英语四级考试的局限性,作者还建议建立校内交际测试体系。

论文目录

  • Abstract
  • 内容摘要
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Background of the study
  • 1.2 Objective of the study
  • 1.3 Significance of the study
  • 1.4 Organization of the thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Historical overview of the development of communicative competence
  • 2.1.1 Chomsky and linguistic competence
  • 2.1.2 Hymes and communicative competence
  • 2.1.3 Widdowson and language use
  • 2.1.4 Bachman and communicative language ability
  • 2.2 Concept of washback
  • 2.3 Washback in testing
  • 2.3.1 Washback in high-stakes testing
  • 2.3.2 Washback in communicative language testing
  • 2.4 Theoretical study of washback
  • 2.4.1 Mechanism of washback
  • 2.4.2 Hughes' washback model
  • 2.5 Classification of washback
  • 2.5.1 Positive and negative washback
  • 2.5.2 Overt and covert washback
  • 2.6 Empirical study of washback
  • 2.6.1 Washback study abroad
  • 2.6.2 Washback study in China
  • 2.7 Summary of the literature
  • Chapter Three Methodology
  • 3.1 Objectives
  • 3.2 Research design
  • 3.2.1 Subjects
  • 3.2.2 Instruments
  • 3.2.3 Data collecting procedures
  • 3.2.3.1 Documents
  • 3.2.3.2 Questionnaire
  • 3.2.3.3 Classroom observation
  • 3.2.3.4 Interview
  • 3.3 Data analysis
  • Chapter Four Results
  • 4.1 Documents analysis
  • 4.2 Questionnaire analysis
  • 4.2.1 Testing and CET-4 perception
  • 4.2.2 CET-4 influence on teaching and learning
  • 4.2.3 Learning and teaching practice
  • 4.2.4 CET-4 format
  • 4.3 Classroom observation
  • 4.3.1 Classes in October
  • 4.3.2 Classes in December
  • 4.4 Interview
  • 4.4.1 Interview for teachers
  • 4.4.2 Interview for students
  • Chapter Five Discussions and suggestions
  • 5.1 Discussions
  • 5.1.1 Comparison between the intended and actual washback of CET-4
  • 5.1.2 CET-SET has a minor impact on college English learning and teaching
  • 5.2 Suggestions
  • 5.2.1 Authentic items should be added in CET-4
  • 5.2.2 CET-SET should be popularized in universities
  • 5.2.3 The relationship among teaching, learning and testing should be properly treated
  • 5.2.4 The establishment of a university-based communicative test
  • Chapter Six Conclusion
  • 6.1 A brief summary of the study
  • 6.2 Limitations of the study
  • References
  • Appendix Ⅰ CET-4的反拨效应问卷调查(教师卷)
  • Appendix Ⅱ CET-4的反拨效应问卷调查(学生卷)
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