会话中话语意义的推断

论文摘要

本文从语用学研究的对象话语意义着手,从关联理论、言语行为理论等角度分析会话中话语意义的推断和话语意义的层次含义,以便交际双方在语言交流中更加透彻地理解话语意义,使交际得以顺利进行。 本文扼要介绍国内外语言学家对话语意义所做的研究,这些观点对语言学研究提供了很大帮助,同时这些方面的研究还可以从以下几方面予以纵深探析。 本文根据关联理论,以话语的关联性为探讨点,解读关联理论对话语意义的推断的逻辑思考,语言交际是一种明示推理过程,同时语用推理具有溯因特性,是溯因—演绎—归纳的动态逻辑整合过程。 本文围绕话语意义的推断这一中心讨论话语与语境之间的关系。话语与语境相互依附,任何话语离不开语境衬托,话语存在于语境中才产生意义。英语口语体的语言特征使得听话人更要结合上下文语境或副语言、非语言符号来理解其话语意义。接着阐述Kearns以言语行为理论为基础,聚焦于叙事的三个方面——语境,基本规约和话语层次的模式,进而领悟话语意义。 本文为探讨话语意义的推断,将话语意义进行分类。首先概括句子意义在语用过程中的生成,分析话语中成功和非成功插话对话语意义的影响,另外礼貌和非礼貌语言亦在不同方面影响话语意义。通过以上对话语意义从不同方面进行推断的分析就可较全面地去理解话语言内行为和言外行为这两层含义。或者说既对句子的显性意义,又对句子的隐性意义都很明了。这样就可以抓住说话人的话语意图,真正理解话语意义。 最后本文对前面围绕话语意义的推断所展开的三个大点进行总结,并指出话语意义的推理还可以从意义公设或意象图式等方面去分析诠释。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract （English Version）
• Abstract （Chinese Version）
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Overview of Related Studies on Discourse Analysis
• 1.1.1 Exploration into Relevance Theory and Cognitive Linguistics
• 1.1.2 Remarks on Relevance of Irrelevant and Absurd Exchanges
• 1.1.3 Related Studies on Text Cohesion and Text Coherence
• 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic
• 1.3 Organization of this Dissertation
• Chapter 2 Interpretation of the Logical Thinking of Relevance Theory
• 2.1 Communication as an Ostensive-Inferential Process
• 2.1.1 Ostensive Behavior
• 2.1.2 Non-Demonstrative Inference
• 2.1.2.1 Inference of Explicature
• 2.1.2.2 Inference of Implicature
• 2.2 Pragmatic Reasoning Characterized by Abductive Nature
• Chapter 3 Analysis of the Relation between Utterance and Context
• 3.1 Analysis of Variable Contexts
• 3.2 Appendage of Utterance to Context
• 3.3 Analysis of Linguistic Features of Spoken English
• 3.4 Speech Act Theory Contained in Rhetoric Narrative Utterances
• 3.4.1 Austin's and Searle's Theories about Speech Acts
• 3.4.2 Indication of Speech Act Theory in Rhetoric Narrative Utterances
• 3.4.2.1 Emphasis on Context
• 3.4.2.2 Ur-conventions and Speech Act Theory
• 3.4.2.3 Discourse and Narration
• Chapter 4 Identification of Utterance Meaning
• 4.1 Two levels of Utterance Meaning
• 4.2 Classification of Utterance Meaning
• 4.2.1 Identification of Explicating
• 4.2.2 Identification of Implicature
• 4.3 Influence of Successful and Unsuccessful Turning on Utterance Meanings
• 4.3.1 Finding out Utterance Meaning in Conventional Relation between Sentences
• 4.3.1.1 Finding Meanings by Means of Presupposition
• 4.3.1.2 Inference of Entailment
• 4.3.1.3 Determination of Relation between Words
• 4.3.2 Discovery of Something Relevant in Conversational Manners
• 4.3.2.1 Meanings in Obscure Utterances
• 4.3.2.2 Expressions in a Roundabout Way
• 4.3.2.3 Expressions in Ambiguous Sentences
• 4.4 Polite and Impolite Language in Utterance Meanings
• 4.4.1 Pragmatic Distance
• 4.4.2 Polite Utterance
• 4.5 Understanding of Locutionary Act and Illocutionary Act
• 4.5.1 Locutionary Act
• 4.5.2 Illocutionary Act
• 4.5.3 Classification of Illocutionary Act
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• Bibliography