顺应—关联模式视角下《雷雨》中的言语不礼貌研究

论文摘要

人们对言语礼貌的研究方兴未艾,而对言语不礼貌的研究近年来却刚刚兴起,且至今无人从宏观角度对言语不礼貌的全过程,即言语不礼貌在语篇中的触发,发展和消除进行过理论阐释。且之前针对言语不礼貌的研究多是以英文语料为载体,汉语语料的不礼貌研究凤毛麟角。有鉴于此,本文试图通过分析汉语语料,从而对不礼貌言语使用的全过程进行阐释。具体来说,本文旨在回答以下三个问题,即：在汉语语境的交际中,言语不礼貌是如何被触发的?言语不礼貌触发后,交际是如何进行的?言语不礼貌是如何在交际中消除的?这三个问题构成了言语不礼貌研究的全过程。杨平（2001）和冉永平（2004）认为言语交际是话语与相关语境成分相互顺应的过程,并在综合顺应理论和关联理论的基础上分别提出关联-顺应模式和顺应-关联模式以解释言语交际过程。本文认为言语交际的过程是话语形式与交际者的认知语境假设相互顺应的过程,认知语境假设的形式是在对相关语境成分进行选择的基础上建立起来的,从而提出本文所采用的交际的顺应-关联模式。该模式主要包括以下观点：第一,认知语境假设的形成是动态性过程；第二,话语交际是话语与认知语境假设的动态顺应过程；第三,交际过程受最佳关联原则引导；第四,交际过程是策略选择的过程。以本文修改后的顺应-关联模式为理论支撑,本文从三个方面对中国经典话语《雷雨》中的言语不礼貌现象进行分析,即言语不礼貌的触发原因,交际过程中言语不礼貌的发展和言语不礼貌的最终消除。其中对言语不礼貌发展的分析主要是通过对其表现形式即策略选择的分析。策略选择不仅包括不礼貌策略,还包括不礼貌回应策略。本文的研究结论主要为以下三点：第一,言语不礼貌的触发,无论是言者有意听者有心的言语不礼貌还是言者无意听者有心的言语不礼貌,都是与认知语境假设相互顺应的产物。对于前者,言者和听者的认知语境假设趋于一致；对于后者,言者和听者的认知语境假设则存在很大的分歧。但是由于认知语境假设的动态性,言者和听者可以不断调整各自的认知语境假设,从而实现交际目的。第二,言语不礼貌一旦被触发,不礼貌言语的发出者会采取库尔佩珀提出的五种不礼貌策略来实现言语不礼貌,即直接不礼貌,正面不礼貌,负面不礼貌,讽刺性或虚假礼貌,和拒绝执行礼貌策略。本文通过分析《雷雨》中的相关语料,发现更多的亚策略可以在正面不礼貌和负面不礼貌策略中被发现。本文还证实库尔佩珀等人提出的不礼貌回应选择模式是适用于汉语语境的。第三,通过对《雷雨》中言语不礼貌解决方式的归纳,本文总结出六种汉语语境下不礼貌言语的解决方式,即服从于对方,第三方干预,折中,僵持,退出以及暗含进一步冲突的和解。基于以上分析,本文不仅有利于人们从本质上了解汉语语境下言语不礼貌使用的全过程,而且为其它交际类型的研究提供了模式和借鉴。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• List of Figuers
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Significance of the Present Study
• 1.2 Outline of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Review of Related Theories
• 2.1.1 Leech's Politeness Principle
• 2.1.2 Brown and Levinson's Face Theory
• 2.1.3 Verschueren's Adaptation Theory
• 2.1.4 Sperber and Wilson's Relevance Theory
• 2.2 Review of Previous Studies
• 2.2.1 Definition of Impoliteness
• 2.2.1.1 The Most Appropriate Terminology
• 2.2.1.2 Definition of Impoliteness
• 2.2.2 Classification of Impoliteness
• 2.2.3 Factors Triggering Impoliteness
• 2.2.3.1 Culpeper's View
• 2.2.3.2 Jay's View
• 2.2.4 Impoliteness Strategies
• 2.2.4.1 Frameworks of Impoliteness Strategies
• 2.2.4.2 Employment of Impoliteness Strategies in Communication
• 2.2.5 Responses to Impoliteness
• 2.2.5.1 No Responding
• 2.2.5.2 Responding:accepting or countering
• 2.3 Theoretical Foundations of the Present Study
• 2.3.1 Yang Ping's Relevance-adaptation Model
• 2.3.2 Ran Yongping's Adaptation-relevance Model
• 2.4 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Three Methodology
• 3.1 Research Questions
• 3.2 Data Collection
• 3.2.1 Definition of Verbal Impoliteness Reconsidered
• 3.2.2 Classification of Verbal Impoliteness Based on the Present Definition
• 3.2.3 Selection of the Data
• 3.3 Adaptation-relevance Model Developed in This Study
• 3.3.1 Inadequacies of Yang's and Ran's Models
• 3.3.2 An Adapted Adaptation-relevance Model Based on Ran's Model
• 3.3.3 The Main Claims of the Present Model
• 3.3.3.1 Dynamics of Cognitive Contextual Assumption
• 3.3.3.2 Inter-adaptability between Utterances and Cognitive Contextual Assumption
• 3.3.3.3 Guidance of Optimal Relevance Presumption in Communication
• 3.3.3.4 Involvement of Strategy-choosing in Communication
• 3.4 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Four Analysis of Verbal Impoliteness in Thunderstorm
• 4.1 Analysis of Triggering of Verbal Impoliteness under the AdaptedAdaptation-relevance Model
• 4.1.1 Analysis of Triggering of Speaker-intended Hearer-perceived VerbalImpoliteness
• 4.1.2 Analysis of Triggering of Speaker-unintended Hearer-perceived VerbalImpoliteness
• 4.2 Analysis of Processing of Verbal Impoliteness under the AdaptedAdaptation-relevance Model
• 4.2.1 Analysis of Impoliteness Strategies in Thunderstorm
• 4.2.1.1 Impoliteness Strategies in Thunderstorm
• 4.2.1.2 Employment of Impoliteness Strategies in Thunderstorm
• 4.2.2 Responses of Impoliteness-perceiver
• 4.2.2.1 The Option of Not Responding
• 4.2.2.2 The Option of Responding
• 4.3 Analysis of Termination of Verbal Impoliteness under the AdaptedAdaptation-relevance Model
• 4.3.1 Submission to Opponent
• 4.3.2 Dominant Third Party Intervention
• 4.3.3 Compromise
• 4.3.4 Stand-off
• 4.3.5 Withdrawal
• 4.3.6 Settlement with Further Hidden Conflict
• 4.4 Discussion of Verbal Impoliteness in Thunderstorm
• 4.5 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Findings of the Present Study
• 5.2 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Later Studies
• References
• Acknowledgements
• 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表