语言接触理论观照下计算机术语的英汉翻译

语言接触理论观照下计算机术语的英汉翻译

论文摘要

当前,计算机被广泛运用于各行各业,而且和人们的日常生活紧密联系在一起,以计算机科学为基础的信息产业已经成为世界上发展最快的产业。然而,由于种种原因,中国的计算机技术迄今还落后于欧美等发达国家。因此,向国外学习先进的计算机技术势在必行。在学习过程中,外来术语的翻译会对新技术的理解产生直接影响,所以也就成为我们需要解决的首要问题。本文基于语言接触研究的理论框架,分析翻译对计算机术语发展的影响。语言接触是语言发展变化的一个重要因素。19世纪末20世纪初,西方科技及文化大举进入中国,外来词,特别是计算机术语源源不断地被吸收到汉语中,这是英汉语言接触的一个重要时期。改革开放以来,中国与世界的接触越来越频繁,越来越密切,我国的科学技术也得到了突飞猛进的发展。随着计算机科学的不断发展,计算机术语在计算机英语的理解中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文拟从计算机术语的特点、英汉构词对比、翻译原则及方法等几方面入手,对英语计算机术语的汉译做一个概括性研究。各章大纲如下:第一章介绍了计算机术语在本论文中的定义及其汉译现状,并举例说明了英语计算机术语的一般特点。虽然计算机的发展历史短,但其应用领域广,计算机的术语具有其自身的特点。而计算机术语通过渗透、派生、转变等途径产生大量的新词汇,这是它的一大显著特征。第二章结合实例,从语言接触理论视角对计算机术语的翻译原则以及构词等方面进行了分析及概括。语言接触是汉语发展变化的一个重要因素。语言接触是语言变异、语言变化研究的基本内容。它可分为直接语言接触和间接语言接触;密切接触和文化接触两大类。第三章从语言接触理论视角的宏观和微观方面讨论了计算机术语汉译的若干方法。翻译工作是一项高度个性化的创造性劳动,计算机术语的汉译可以借助直译、意译、音译、借用、合成、转义、缩略等方法,根据实际情况加以灵活运用。第四章从名词性修饰与形容词性修饰、正语序与反语序、单义性与简洁性、简洁性与理据性、汉语特性与简洁性、音译与意译、类比性与变通性以及可译性与不可译性等八个方面指出了术语翻译过程中的矛盾。而矛盾存在于一切事物的发展过程中,并贯穿于每一事物发展过程的始终,它们相互依赖,相互渗透并在一定的条件下相互转化。一般说来,任何矛盾的存在都只是相对的、暂时的,没有绝对的矛盾。要译好科技术语,需要处理好这些矛盾。因此根据这些矛盾本文作者得出以下结论:(1)科技术语需要根据时代的变化和科技的发展而加以改变;(2)科技术语需要根据受众群体的意愿情况而加以采纳;(3)科技术语的英汉翻译需要采取音译和意译相结合的方法来更加贴切的表达术语的内容。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Main Aspects of Computer Terminology Translation
  • 1.1 Definition of Computer Terminology
  • 1.2 General Characteristics of English Computer Terminology
  • 1.2.1 Transformation of Meaning
  • 1.2.2 Abundant Compounds and Derivative
  • 1.2.3 Frequent Use of Acronym
  • 1.3 Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Word Formation of Computer Terminologies
  • 1.3.1 Characteristics of English Word Formation
  • 1.3.2 Characteristics of Chinese Word Formation
  • 1.3.3 Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation between English and Chinese
  • 1.4 Current Situation of Computer Terminology Translation
  • 1.4.1 Different Translations in Different Regions
  • 1.4.2 Shortage of Professional Knowledge and Talents Specialized in Computer Science and Translation
  • 1.4.3 Existent Problems in Current Dictionaries
  • 1.4.4 Efficiency and Economy vs.Translation Quality
  • Summary
  • Chapter 2 Principles of Computer Terminology Translation from thePerspective of Language Contact
  • 2.1 Studies on Factors of Language Change
  • 2.2 Definition of Language Contact
  • 2.3 Contact-Induced Language Change
  • 2.4 Types and Outcomes of Language Contact
  • 2.4.1 Types of Language Contact
  • 2.4.2 Outcomes of Language Contact
  • 2.5 Translation of English Computer Terminology
  • 2.5.1 Translation of Compounds Terminology
  • 2.5.2 Translation of Derivative Terminology
  • 2.5.3 Translation of Acronyms
  • 2.5.4 Translation of Amplication Terminology
  • 2.5.5 The Translation of Interior-Borrowed Terminology
  • 2.6 Principles of Computer Terminology Translation
  • 2.6.1 Accuracy
  • 2.6.2 Monosemy
  • 2.6.3 Linguistically Correct
  • 2.6.4 Systematization
  • 2.6.5 Conciseness
  • 2.6.6 Motivation
  • 2.6.7 Stability
  • 2.6.8 Productivity
  • Chapter 3 Methods of Computer Terminology Translation from thePerspective of Language Contact
  • 3.1 Macrocosmic Approach
  • 3.1.1 Free Translation
  • 3.1.2 Literal Translation
  • 3.1.3 Transliteration
  • 3.1.4 English Letter add Chinese Words
  • 3.1.5 Combination of Transliteration and Free Translation
  • 3.2 MicrocosmicApproach
  • 3.2.1 Adding Affixes
  • 3.2.2 Adding Words
  • 3.2.3 Analogical Word-formation
  • Chapter 4 Several Contradictions in Computer TerminologyTranslation
  • 4.1 Nominalized Modifier vs.Adjective Modifier
  • 4.2 Direct Word Order vs.Indirect Word Order
  • 4.3 Monosemy vs.Conciseness
  • 4.4 Conciseness vs.Motivation
  • 4.5 Chinese Characteristics vs.Conciseness
  • 4.6 Transliteration vs.Free Translation
  • 4.7 Analogy vs.Flexibility
  • 4.8 Translatability vs.Intranslatability
  • Summary
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
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