在沪外商投资企业中的跨文化沟通

在沪外商投资企业中的跨文化沟通

论文摘要

随着越来越多的外商投资企业在中国经营,这些跨国公司的管理层是否了解本地员工如何处理与其上司之间的跨国冲突和其背后的原因是非常重要的。文献综述显示,虽然在有关人际冲突的文献众多,但是有关中国人的冲突管理风格的研究大部分都基于西方的理论,比如认为回避冲突是因为不在乎维系与冲突对方的关系,显然这正好与中国的文化相反,中国人回避冲突往往是为了给对方面子,保持表面和平。Hwang (1997)认为中国人处理冲突时往往衡量是要保持与对方关系呢还是追求自己的个人目标,而且还要考量对方是圈内人还是圈外人,与自己的地位是相当呢还是比自己地位高,提出了中国人各种情况下典型的12种冲突管理风格,但是据作者所知,他的理论并没有在大陆的跨文化商务环境中进行过测试。本文基于Hwang (1997)的理论,旨在探索在上海的外商投资企业工作的员工在处理与其上司之间的冲突,并且与其他在本地公司工作的员工进行对比。本文分析了八种冲突管理风格—积极合作、妥协、非直接沟通、正面对抗、忍耐、阳奉阴违、给对方面子来保持表面和平,或者一拍两散。作者向在上海工作的白领人员发出问卷,一共收到210份问卷回复,其中采用了161份有效问卷,包括100位外商投资企业员工和61位其他企业员工,通过SPSS19.0进行了三组T测试对比和一些相关分析。结果表明,积极合作是被试最青睐的处理方式,显示总体来说,在工作场合中大家偏爱更主动和节省时间的解决方式。而且,与业务和工作任务相关的冲突中的行为相比,被试在人事相关的冲突中显得更直接大胆,更容易采取正面冲突的方式,为了保护自己的利益更愿意牺牲人际关系的和谐。调查结果未发现在西方人手下工作的被试和一直在中国人手下工作的被试在同样处理与中国上司的冲突时没有特别显著的区别。然而,这些在西方人手下工作的被试在处理与西方上司和中国上司的冲突时则显示非常明显的区别,被试与西方人发生冲突时更直接大胆,态度测试显示被试认为中国上司更计较面子得失,一旦起了正面冲突较难和解,而西方人则习惯直接的沟通方式,用委婉的方法往往不能达到目的。作者同时发现,随着被试的年龄、工作年限的增长,被试更加愿意尝试与中国上司的正面对抗,但同时也更愿意在与业务和工作任务相关的冲突中忍耐,显示出更强的灵活性。另外,被试与西方人工作时间越长,越愿意尝试正面对抗,而非直接沟通的方式则越来越不受青睐。由于在样本中女性被试的比例比较高,作者因此另外做了一个性别对比测试,测试发现男性和女性在绝大部分冲突管理风格上没有显著区别,唯一有区别的是在业务和工作任务相关的冲突中,男性比女性更可能采取正面冲突方式。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Research background
  • 1.2 Research Objectives
  • 1.3 Structure of this Thesis
  • Chapter 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Definition of conflict
  • 2.2 Definition of intercultural conflict
  • 2.3 Conflict management styles
  • 2.3.1 Definition of conflict management styles
  • 2.3.2 Theories on conflict management styles
  • The Managerial Grid
  • The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI)
  • The Kraybill Conflict Style Inventory
  • Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT)
  • Cultural Values Dimensional (CVD) Grid
  • Face and Face Concern Theory
  • 2.3.3 Studies of conflict management styles in China
  • Determinants of Chinese conflict management and resolutions
  • Typical Chinese conflict management styles
  • Chapter 3 Methodology
  • 3.1 Research Questions and Hypotheses
  • 3.2 Research Design
  • 3.3 Data Collection
  • Chapter 4 Research Results and Analysis
  • 4.1 Reliability Test
  • 4.2 Testing difference between male and female subjects
  • 4.3 Testing H1
  • 4.3.1 Testing H1a
  • 4.3.2 Testing H1b
  • 4.3.3 Testing H1c
  • 4.3.4 Testing H1d
  • 4.3.5 Testing H1e
  • 4.3.6 Testing H1f
  • 4.3.7 Answering Research Question 1
  • 4.4 Testing H2
  • 4.4.1 Testing H2a
  • 4.4.2 Testing H2b
  • 4.4.3 Testing H2c
  • 4.4.4 Testing H2d
  • 4.4.5 Testing H2e
  • 4.4.6 Testing H2f
  • 4.4.7 Testing H2g
  • 4.4.8 Testing H2h
  • 4.4.9 Answering Research Question 2
  • 4.5 Testing H3
  • 4.5.1 Testing H3a
  • 4.5.2 Testing H3b
  • 4.5.3 Testing H3c
  • 4.5.4 Testing H3d
  • 4.5.5 Testing H3e
  • 4.5.6 Testing H3f
  • 4.5.7 Testing H3g
  • 4.5.8 Testing H3h
  • 4.5.9 Answering Research Question 3
  • Chapter 5 Conclusions
  • 5.1 Main findings
  • 5.2 Value of this study
  • 5.3 Limitations
  • 5.4 Directions for further research
  • References
  • Appendix Questionnaire
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    在沪外商投资企业中的跨文化沟通
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