态度视角下哥本哈根气候会议报道中人际意义的研究 ——以《中国日报》，《纽约时报》为例

论文摘要

当今社会普遍认为,媒体是日常生活中不可或缺的给公众传递信息的有效手段。媒体向人们传递与人类生活息息相关的资讯,表达态度和立场,试图与观众或读者建立联系。新闻报道,作为新闻语篇的一个子语体,通常是媒体向公众传递及时、客观热点信息的有效手段。随着气候变化日益加剧,全球灾害事件频发,严重威胁人类生存,因此立志于应对气候变化的哥本哈根全球气候会议,因其话题性及影响性,一直以来都是媒体报导的焦点。各国政府、非政府组织、学者、媒体和民众对此会议的关注焦点主要是碳排放大国,尤其是中国和美国,对于控制气候变化所持的立场及应对措施。近年来学者们从新闻角度,政治角度,环境角度对哥本哈根气候会议报道的研究不少,但是从语言学角度,尤其是从评价理论的态度角度来研究人际意义的几乎没有。因此本文拟运用马丁教授提出的评价理论的态度子系统来研究《中国日报》和《纽约时报》关于哥本哈根气候会议的报道,通过剖析其中的态度资源,揭示其人际意义构建的方略,从而从一崭新的角度挖掘中美两媒体在此议题上的态度及其立场的相同点和不同点。评价理论是系统功能语言学基于对人际意义的研究上发展出的新理论框架。它关注于语言的赋值意义,包括语篇中可协商的各种态度。评价理论包括三个子系统：态度,介入和级差。其中态度子系统,是评价理论的核心。本文正是从态度子系统出发对分布在哥本哈根气候会议报道中的态度资源进行分析和研究,探求其背后所隐匿的人际意义。本文从两媒体的官方网站上各自选取了哥本哈根气候会议报道周期期间的25篇报道,采取了统计性和描述性相结合的研究方法对其进行了定量和定性分析。作者首先对各自的态度资源进行分离和归类,然后运用统计学的方法对语料中的各种态度意义进行统计,分析其分布特点,并且从人际意义的角度对其进行剖析,最后作者对两媒体报道中的态度资源进行对比,从而研究中美媒体对于此报道中的人际意义表达采取了哪些相同或不同的态度资源,这些相同或不同可以体现出在哥本哈根气候会议议题上的哪些相同或不同立场。通过上述研究,本文发现：表明人际意义的各种态度资源在中美媒体的报道中都存在,但是其分布频率不同。经过对比研究发现,在两媒体报道中,鉴赏资源应用都最为广泛,判断资源次之,情感资源最低。评价对象以物居多,这体现了新闻报道的客观特点。肯定态度比否定态度更经常地被使用。这体现了两媒体对哥本哈根气候会议持乐观态度,显示出对于会议的信心和期待。但是在《中国日报》的报道中,肯定态度远远多于否定态度,判断资源大幅超过情感资源,这表示该媒体对会议的信心更为强烈,且对于各参与者的行为关注更多。而在《纽约时报》的报道中,否定态度与肯定态度差距不大,情感资源与判断资源差距不大,且否定意义居多,这表明此媒体对此会议的信心持保留态度,更热衷于进行情感反应的表达,并且对于会议是否能解决问题表示担忧。以上研究显示：虽然新闻报道讲求客观,但还是可以发现其立场和观点的。这是因为态度资源作为评价资源的核心,传递了有效的信息,构建了与读者的联盟,对于我们理解热点新闻报导中的人际意义有着十分重要的意义。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 About Copenhagen Climate Change Conference
• 1.2 The Attitude System:Core of the Appraisal Theory
• 1.3 Previous Researches on Copenhagen Summit
• 1.4 Research Purpose and Significance
• 1.5 Data Collection and Methodology
• 1.6 The Framework of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Attitudinal Resources in China Daily's Reports
• 2.1 Distribution Frequencies of Attitudinal Resources
• 2.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Affect Resources
• 2.2.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Affect Resources
• 2.2.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Affect Resources
• 2.3 Interpersonal Meaning by Judgement Resources
• 2.3.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Judgement Resources
• 2.3.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Judgement Resources
• 2.4 Interpersonal Meaning by Appreciation Resources
• 2.4.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Appreciation Resources
• 2.4.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Appreciation Resources
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter 3 Attitudinal Resources in New York Times' Reports
• 3.1 Distribution Frequencies of Attitudinal Resources
• 3.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Affect Resources
• 3.2.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Affect Resources
• 3.2.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Affect Resources
• 3.3 Interpersonal Meaning by Judgement Resources
• 3.3.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Judgement Resources
• 3.3.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Judgement Resources
• 3.4 Interpersonal Meaning by Appreciation Resources
• 3.4.1 Interpersonal Meaning by Positive Appreciation Resources
• 3.4.2 Interpersonal Meaning by Negative Appreciation Resources
• 3.5 Summary
• Chapter 4 Similarities and Differences in Attitudinal Resource Distributions
• 4.1 Statistic Comparisons of the Attitudinal Resource Distributions
• 4.2 Similarities in the Positive and Negative Attitudinal Resource Distribution
• 4.2.1 Similarities in Judgement Resource Distributions
• 4.2.2 Similarities in Composition and Valuation Resource Distributions
• 4.2.3 Similarities in Satisfaction and Inclination Resource Distributions
• 4.2.4 Similarities in light of Sources and Targets
• 4.3 Differences in the Positive and Negative Attitudinal Resource Distributions
• 4.3.1 Differences in Reaction Resource Distributions
• 4.3.2 Differences in Happiness and Security Resource Distributions
• 4.3.3 Differences in light of Sources and Targets
• 4.4 Implications of Similarities and Differences
• 4.4.1 Interpersonal Meaning Revealed by Similarities
• 4.4.2 Interpersonal Meaning Revealed by Differences
• 4.5 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Appendix Ⅰ Data Sources of the SampleNews reports of China Daily
• Appendix Ⅱ Data Sources of the Sample News reports of New York Times
• Appendix Ⅲ An Exemplified Analysis of Sample
• Publications While Registered with the MA Program