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辩论文本人际功能分析 ——以2008年美国总统竞选辩论文本为例

2020-12-15阅读(950)

辩论文本人际功能分析 ——以2008年美国总统竞选辩论文本为例

论文摘要

人们运用不同的语言表达特定的信息和意图,在一定的社会环境下,以独特的方式围绕某一目的实现特定的交际。不同的交际环境,交际方式,对象和目的,要求人们使用不同的“语言”。语言能实现不同的社会功能,语言最重要的社会功能是人际功能,通过它人们建立并维持社会中的身份地位及关系。政治演讲,作为特殊的语言工具被打上了政治和阶级的色彩,通过辩论和演说的形式反映使用者的意图。政治演讲,就是人们针对国家内政事物和对外关系,表明立场,阐明观点,宣传主张的一种演讲(李元授,邹昆山2003：29)。政治演讲集中体现了人际功能。辩论语言是政治演讲语言中的一种,本文首先描述公众演讲,政治演讲,总统辩论语言的特征和关系,以及学者们对总统辩论语言的研究,然后对2008年美国总统大选过程中两党候选人奥巴马和麦凯恩的第一场电视辩论的背景进行了介绍。在理论部分,本文从不同角度陈述国内外人际功能的理论发展,着重介绍了功能语言学派的人际功能,特别是韩礼德的元功能框架下的人际功能,并以此为基础结合其他学者的研究为理论框架,从语气,情态,代词,时态四个方面对总统竞选演讲进行人际功能分析。通过对该篇辩论进行数据分析,本文对奥巴马和麦凯恩演讲语言的对比揭示如下：1)演讲者擅长不同的语气表达,疑问句和祈使句的运用既可以强调演讲者的观点并可以激起听众的回应。奥巴马运用更多的陈述句和疑问句开启会话并控制话题。2)不同的情态动词体现了演讲者不同的看法和态度。奥巴马运用更多高量值意态情态动词。3)人称代词的使用能实现人际意义,且显示演说者与听众的心理距离。‘我们’在人际关系建立中起主导作用。4)在时态系统中,现在时在政治演讲中起主要作用,现在时作为一种评价手段加入辩论中。总之,本研究发现辩论者运用不同的语气,情态,代词,时态语法系统,实现不同的人际功能；同时,韩礼德的人际功能作为文本分析工具体现了其实用性和有效性。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • 0.1 Motivation of This Thesis
  • 0.2 Significance of This Thesis
  • 0.3 Research Method and Structure
  • Chapter 1 General Description of Political Speech
  • 1.1 Features of Political Speech
  • 1.2 Features of Presidential Debate
  • 1.3 Previous Studies on US Presidential Debate
  • Chapter 2 General Description of Interpersonal Function Theory
  • 2.1 Concept of Interpersonal Function
  • 2.2 Development of Interpersonal Function Theories
  • 2.2.1 Interpersonal Function Theories Development Abroad
  • 2.2.2 Interpersonal Function Theories Development at Home
  • 2.3 Halliday's Theory on Interpersonal Function
  • 2.3.1 Interpersonal Function of Mood
  • 2.3.2 Interpersonal Function of Modality
  • 2.3.3 Interpersonal Function of Pronoun
  • 2.3.4 Interpersonal Function of Tense
  • Chapter 3 Interpersonal Function in the First Presidential Debate BetweenObama and McCain
  • 3.1 Analysis and Result of Mood in First Debate
  • 3.1.1 Declaratives
  • 3.1.2 Interrogatives
  • 3.1.3 Imperatives
  • 3.2 Analysis and Result of Modality in First Debate
  • 3.2.1 Modal Verbal Operators
  • 3.2.2 Modality Metaphors
  • 3.3 Analysis and Result of Pronoun in First Debate
  • 3.3.1 Pronoun 'I'
  • 3.3.2 Pronoun 'we'
  • 3.3.3 Other Pronouns
  • 3.4 Analysis and Result of Tense in First Debate
  • 3.4.1 Present Tense
  • 3.4.2 Past Tense
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix
  • Acknowledgements
  • 攻读学位期间主要研究成果

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    辩论文本人际功能分析 ——以2008年美国总统竞选辩论文本为例
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