本文主要研究内容
作者罗杰（2019）在《普阳煤矿1号排土场边坡稳定性研究》一文中研究指出：在文明世界,采矿活动是跟任何国家生活标准的同义词。露天采矿会产生两类物质——矿石和剥离物。剥离物一般被堆放在不同的地方,这些地方被称为排土场。排土场边坡稳定性一直是个非常重要的问题,而且这个问题变得越来越难,因为人们对环保的要求越来越高,适合排土的地方越来越少。为了减少排土场的风险,了解滑坡是必不可少的。岩土的特征、地质结构、气候、植被、地表水和地下水,对排土场边坡有很大的影响,这些因素的变化是按照每个地方的条件。水对边坡的影响是多方面的。水有重要的作用在边坡破坏中。据资料的统计,90%的滑坡发生在雨季,尤其是暴雨的时候,连续雨和地下水的作用。这证明水是个非常重要因素,主要有降雨,地表水,地下水的作用对边坡有影响。本论文主要内容是了解普阳煤矿1号排土场边坡稳定性。第一章主要介绍论文的研究背景和研究意义。排土场边坡失稳对矿区,环境和经济有很大的影响。从图1-1,我们可以看到露天矿边坡滑坡的危险,这图显示滑坡对环境和周边的建筑的破坏。为了了解排土场边坡稳定性的研究,在第一章介绍了中国和国外边坡稳定性的研究历史发展。中国开始研究边坡稳定性比其他的国家要晚些。在第一章也介绍了边坡稳定性的计算方法。经常用的方法是极限平衡方法。这方法主要包括,Fellenius、Jambu、Bishop、Taylor、Morgenstern-Price、Spencer、Sarma等方法。论文简单介绍了Bishop、Fellenius和Morgenstern-Price法,确定了本论文的主要内容和研究方法,并制定了合理的技术线路。第二章主要内容是矿区地质环境条件。本章中介绍了矿区的交通位置气候和水文。1号排土场,根据收集的已有资料,普阳煤矿1号排土场地层主要有人工填土、层淤泥质粘土,黏土、和灰岩。区域水文条件讲的内容是区域的地下水分类与富水性特征。研究范围内区的地下水主要有松散层孔隙水、裂隙水及石灰岩岩溶水三大类。本章中还介绍了排土场的地形地貌,图2-5是排土场的全貌。在图2-6也能看到排土场的北部边坡和东部边坡的现状。根据现场的调查,1号排土场占地面积为1.095km~2,排土范围周长约4954.5m,标高为1033m,最大的高差有233.11m。北部边坡有20个台阶,每个台阶的高度为10m左右,总体边坡为13.55°,台阶的坡度为30-40°。东部边坡的台阶少,总体有10台阶,每台阶的高度为10m,坡度角为13.07°。第三章开始介绍关于排土场边坡稳定性分析。本章主要内容为排土场边坡稳定性的影响因素。因为水对边坡稳定性的影响非常大,在这点讲的是水对边坡的作用。主要有降雨,地表和地下水形式的作用。水对边坡的影响主要包括两个方面:水力渗透作用和AMD(Acid Mine Drainage)矿山酸性排水作用。水力渗透作用主要有两种:第一种是降低岩体强度,尤其是软弱结构面抗剪强度;第二种是改变边坡的应力状态,增加动水压力和静水压力。静水压力降低滑面的有效法向应力和、抗滑力;动水压力的存在增加边坡下滑力。AMD(矿山酸性排水作用)作用是指矿山酸性水与组成边坡的岩质材料发生反应,改变岩体内部介质分子结构和骨架组成,降低岩体层面间的粘聚力和内摩擦角。本章中分析排土场边坡岩土层的软弱面。1号排土场地层主要有:第四系填土、淤泥质黏土、黏土和基底地层灰岩。第四系填土为矿山采矿排弃土,其成分混杂,粗细不均匀、成层分布的整体性软弱层。其与下伏地层的分界面易于积水或接受下伏灰岩中岩溶水的浸泡,易于软化形成软弱层,从而形成软弱面。淤泥质黏土整体呈软~可塑状,强度低,整体为软弱层。但分布范围小,仅分布于北部边坡坡脚地段。黏土呈可~硬塑状,主要分布于原始地形的沟谷、斜坡地段,在其与下伏基岩的界面倾向与地形坡向一致时可能成为软弱层。下伏灰岩为较硬岩,构成排土场的基底,在排土场区域内其产状总体为:269°-275°∠20°-37°,在排土场区域构成反倾斜坡。排土场边坡的可能破坏模式主要有边坡形态、物质组成、基底岩土层强度、地下水特点等所决定。普阳煤矿1号排土场区域内南部、西部为灰岩构成的山脊,无滑坡可能,东部边坡基底也为灰岩,但填筑高度已经高出地表约78.89m。以北部边坡为最高,总体高度约233.11m。由2-2′、3-3′、4-4′剖面可知,北部边坡的可能滑移面(弱面)为:填土与下伏基岩的接触面、填土与黏土的分界面、黏土与下伏基岩的分界面、填土与淤泥质黏土的界面已经整个淤泥质黏土层、在北部边坡的下部,地下水位界面地段也可能成为潜在滑移面。由JA1-JA1′剖面可知,东部边坡的岩土组成为填土和下伏灰岩,灰岩为排土场的基底,而且很稳定。东部边坡的岩土组成中无确定的软弱层,其可能弱面是填土层的圆弧滑移面。北部边坡位于现状排土场的北部现状最大填筑标高已达1030m左右,总体坡度为12°-13°,组成边坡的岩土层较为复杂,在北部边坡坡脚边缘地段出露软塑状淤泥质黏土,强度低,第四系可~硬塑状黏土以及矿山排弃土。基底岩层为较硬岩——灰岩。北部边坡地段地下水丰富,埋藏浅,且下伏基底岩层中的溶洞发育,曾经发生过滑坡。北部边坡的地层构成中,各岩层的分界面即可能成为软弱面,且原始地形的坡向与边坡的坡向一致,组成顺倾边坡;地下水位界线面也可能是软弱面。边坡物质容易沿软弱面发生移动变形,产生滑坡。故北部边坡可能的滑移模式为圆弧滑动。北部边坡的总高度达233.11m,填筑土的结构较为松散。东部边坡位于现状排土场的东部现状最大填筑标高已达1030m左右,总体坡度为12°-13°,组成边坡的岩土层较为简单,由JA1-JA1’剖面可知,组成边坡的物质为排弃土,基底为较坚硬的灰岩,基岩面坡向与边坡坡向相反,组成反倾斜坡。该地段地下水埋藏较深,对边坡稳定性的影响较小。东部边坡的可能滑移模式为圆弧滑动。表3-1给出了1号排土场的岩土物理力学指标,表中的数据用于边坡稳定性计算。计算排土场边坡稳定的时候采用Slope/W软件,这个软件属于Geo-studio,主要分析方法为极限平衡方法。本论文计算排土场边坡稳定性采用Bishop,计算中也要考虑地下水位的变化。主要研究是北部边坡的2-2’,3-3’,4-4’剖面,和东部边坡JA1-JA1’剖面。北部边坡2-2’剖面有4个地层,人工填土,淤泥质黏土,粘土和灰岩,总体边坡为13.55°,高度为233.11m。3-3’剖面也有4个地层,但是跟2-2’剖面的分布有区别。总体边坡角也是13.55°,4-4’剖面跟前两剖面的地层也相同但是分布也不一样。东部边坡只有两个地层人工填土和灰岩,组成边坡的岩土层较为简单基底为较坚硬的灰岩,基岩面坡向与边坡坡向相反,组成反倾斜坡。该地段地下水埋藏较深。计算安全系数的时候考虑到了圆弧法。由计算结果,北部边坡现状在地下水作用情况下将出现不稳定,在北部边坡坡脚地段,由于地下水埋藏浅,分布软弱土层,北部边坡前缘坡脚地段现状处于基本稳定状态,在遇雨后地下水水位升高后将出现不稳定,有发生坡脚牵引式滑坡的危险性。东部边坡现状总体是处于稳定状态。在考虑地下水作用影响下也处于稳定状态,即东部边坡是稳定的。第四章介绍了排土场边坡数值模拟方法。在第四章中介绍了采用的软件。采用的软为FLAC/SLOPE,这个软件主要方法为有限差分方法。计算前需要建立了北部边坡和东部边坡的模型,然后进行计算。在这个地方计算的时候也要考虑地下水的作用。从图4-1到图4-9可以看到北部排土场的计算结果,从图4-10到图4-12为东部边坡的计算结果。从这些图来看都显示圆弧滑面。得到的计算结果在表4-1。东部边坡不考虑地下水的作用为稳定,在地下水的影响下也稳定,说明排土场边坡不会向东滑动。第四章主要内容有1号排土场边坡稳定性的评价与防治措施。首先比较得到的结果了,通过论文采用的软件。得到的计算结果很相似,将把Flac/slope结果为论文的依据。一般来说根据安全系数来评价边坡稳定性,首先需要考虑,地质构造,排弃物料,总体边坡,地表和地下水的作用等因素。北部边坡在自然情况下为基本稳定,但受水的作用属于不稳定,因为有软弱岩,有暴雨的时候地下水位升级对北部边坡有可能发生破坏。东部边坡属于稳定状态,因为地下水埋藏较深,对边坡稳定性的影响较小。在第四章中也介绍了1号排土场的防治措施。本论文介绍的主要方法有:监测措施和疏干排水方法。监测措施中介绍了地下水的测压计。测压计可以监测地下水的压力和地下水的水位变化。测压计有两种:气压式气压计和弦式渗压计。1号排土场为了监测地下水的压力和变化可以用弦式渗压计,因为操作简单,能保证长期稳定,质量高,成本比较低。疏干排水主要介绍三个方案:在排土场填上体中设置水平疏干孔;在排土场基底灰岩内设置排水廊道的方法;在排土场表面通过旋挖或长螺旋引孔设置连续排渗墙。方案1的优点是:填土层含水层内水通过疏干孔直接排出填土层,针对性强,但不能有效地将裂隙水、熔岩水排出,后期无法检修,易被破坏;方案2的优点是通过排水廊道设置能够将含水层及裂隙水有效地排出,后期易维护,但在施工中需对未掘进廊道进行探访,防止突涌。方案3的优点是:通过连续拍渗墙的设置,能够将含水层及裂隙水有效地排出,但因需打穿填土层,因此,对成孔要求高。选个方案需要考虑工程投资和技术特征。方案1、方案2、方案3从排土场水文地质、地层结构来看,均可实现排土场疏干排水的功能,但方案1、方案3从施工难度大外,方案1不能有效的将裂隙水、岩溶水排出,后期无法检修、易被破坏;方案3因须打穿填土层,因此对成孔要求较高,资金投人较大;而方案2针对基底岩溶裂隙水采用排水廊道疏排.排土场堆体内的孔隙水则采用排渗孔疏排,且排渗孔接人下埋排水廊道,统一由廊道排出排土场外,2种疏排措施的有机结合,经济投人较,方案1、方案3小,因此,最终选择方案2作为对1号排上场进行疏干排水治理。最后写了本论文的结论,主要有四个点:(1)根据地质资料分析,建立了排土场的地质模型,并且分析了水文条件,确定水是主要对1号排土场的影响因素;(2)根据极限平衡方法和Bishop圆弧方法,计算结果显示排土场没有水的时候很稳定。在地下水的作用影响下,北部边坡出现不稳定,东部边坡显示稳定;(3)经过数值模拟方法得到的结可以看到排土场处于稳定,但是在受地下水的一下北部边坡会出现不稳定。在地下水情况下也属于不稳定,东部边坡还出现稳定的状态;(4)根据得到的结果做了个比较,得到的结论为两种方法的结果很相似,计算安全系数的时候,两种方法出现的滑动形式为圆弧滑动面,从Flac/slope软件能看到边坡的变形。提出最合理的防治措施有气压式气压计来监测地下水的压力和地下水的水位变化和在排土场基底灰岩内设置排水廊道的方法来把地下水流出。
Abstract
zai wen ming shi jie ,cai kuang huo dong shi gen ren he guo jia sheng huo biao zhun de tong yi ci 。lou tian cai kuang hui chan sheng liang lei wu zhi ——kuang dan he bao li wu 。bao li wu yi ban bei dui fang zai bu tong de de fang ,zhe xie de fang bei chen wei pai tu chang 。pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing yi zhi shi ge fei chang chong yao de wen ti ,er ju zhe ge wen ti bian de yue lai yue nan ,yin wei ren men dui huan bao de yao qiu yue lai yue gao ,kuo ge pai tu de de fang yue lai yue shao 。wei le jian shao pai tu chang de feng xian ,le jie hua po shi bi bu ke shao de 。yan tu de te zheng 、de zhi jie gou 、qi hou 、zhi bei 、de biao shui he de xia shui ,dui pai tu chang bian po you hen da de ying xiang ,zhe xie yin su de bian hua shi an zhao mei ge de fang de tiao jian 。shui dui bian po de ying xiang shi duo fang mian de 。shui you chong yao de zuo yong zai bian po po huai zhong 。ju zi liao de tong ji ,90%de hua po fa sheng zai yu ji ,you ji shi bao yu de shi hou ,lian xu yu he de xia shui de zuo yong 。zhe zheng ming shui shi ge fei chang chong yao yin su ,zhu yao you jiang yu ,de biao shui ,de xia shui de zuo yong dui bian po you ying xiang 。ben lun wen zhu yao nei rong shi le jie pu yang mei kuang 1hao pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing 。di yi zhang zhu yao jie shao lun wen de yan jiu bei jing he yan jiu yi yi 。pai tu chang bian po shi wen dui kuang ou ,huan jing he jing ji you hen da de ying xiang 。cong tu 1-1,wo men ke yi kan dao lou tian kuang bian po hua po de wei xian ,zhe tu xian shi hua po dui huan jing he zhou bian de jian zhu de po huai 。wei le le jie pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing de yan jiu ,zai di yi zhang jie shao le zhong guo he guo wai bian po wen ding xing de yan jiu li shi fa zhan 。zhong guo kai shi yan jiu bian po wen ding xing bi ji ta de guo jia yao wan xie 。zai di yi zhang ye jie shao le bian po wen ding xing de ji suan fang fa 。jing chang yong de fang fa shi ji xian ping heng fang fa 。zhe fang fa zhu yao bao gua ,Fellenius、Jambu、Bishop、Taylor、Morgenstern-Price、Spencer、Sarmadeng fang fa 。lun wen jian chan jie shao le Bishop、Felleniushe Morgenstern-Pricefa ,que ding le ben lun wen de zhu yao nei rong he yan jiu fang fa ,bing zhi ding le ge li de ji shu xian lu 。di er zhang zhu yao nei rong shi kuang ou de zhi huan jing tiao jian 。ben zhang zhong jie shao le kuang ou de jiao tong wei zhi qi hou he shui wen 。1hao pai tu chang ,gen ju shou ji de yi you zi liao ,pu yang mei kuang 1hao pai tu chang de ceng zhu yao you ren gong tian tu 、ceng yu ni zhi nian tu ,nian tu 、he hui yan 。ou yu shui wen tiao jian jiang de nei rong shi ou yu de de xia shui fen lei yu fu shui xing te zheng 。yan jiu fan wei nei ou de de xia shui zhu yao you song san ceng kong xi shui 、lie xi shui ji dan hui yan yan rong shui san da lei 。ben zhang zhong hai jie shao le pai tu chang de de xing de mao ,tu 2-5shi pai tu chang de quan mao 。zai tu 2-6ye neng kan dao pai tu chang de bei bu bian po he dong bu bian po de xian zhuang 。gen ju xian chang de diao cha ,1hao pai tu chang zhan de mian ji wei 1.095km~2,pai tu fan wei zhou chang yao 4954.5m,biao gao wei 1033m,zui da de gao cha you 233.11m。bei bu bian po you 20ge tai jie ,mei ge tai jie de gao du wei 10mzuo you ,zong ti bian po wei 13.55°,tai jie de po du wei 30-40°。dong bu bian po de tai jie shao ,zong ti you 10tai jie ,mei tai jie de gao du wei 10m,po du jiao wei 13.07°。di san zhang kai shi jie shao guan yu pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing fen xi 。ben zhang zhu yao nei rong wei pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing de ying xiang yin su 。yin wei shui dui bian po wen ding xing de ying xiang fei chang da ,zai zhe dian jiang de shi shui dui bian po de zuo yong 。zhu yao you jiang yu ,de biao he de xia shui xing shi de zuo yong 。shui dui bian po de ying xiang zhu yao bao gua liang ge fang mian :shui li shen tou zuo yong he AMD(Acid Mine Drainage)kuang shan suan xing pai shui zuo yong 。shui li shen tou zuo yong zhu yao you liang chong :di yi chong shi jiang di yan ti jiang du ,you ji shi ruan ruo jie gou mian kang jian jiang du ;di er chong shi gai bian bian po de ying li zhuang tai ,zeng jia dong shui ya li he jing shui ya li 。jing shui ya li jiang di hua mian de you xiao fa xiang ying li he 、kang hua li ;dong shui ya li de cun zai zeng jia bian po xia hua li 。AMD(kuang shan suan xing pai shui zuo yong )zuo yong shi zhi kuang shan suan xing shui yu zu cheng bian po de yan zhi cai liao fa sheng fan ying ,gai bian yan ti nei bu jie zhi fen zi jie gou he gu jia zu cheng ,jiang di yan ti ceng mian jian de nian ju li he nei ma ca jiao 。ben zhang zhong fen xi pai tu chang bian po yan tu ceng de ruan ruo mian 。1hao pai tu chang de ceng zhu yao you :di si ji tian tu 、yu ni zhi nian tu 、nian tu he ji de de ceng hui yan 。di si ji tian tu wei kuang shan cai kuang pai qi tu ,ji cheng fen hun za ,cu xi bu jun yun 、cheng ceng fen bu de zheng ti xing ruan ruo ceng 。ji yu xia fu de ceng de fen jie mian yi yu ji shui huo jie shou xia fu hui yan zhong yan rong shui de jin pao ,yi yu ruan hua xing cheng ruan ruo ceng ,cong er xing cheng ruan ruo mian 。yu ni zhi nian tu zheng ti cheng ruan ~ke su zhuang ,jiang du di ,zheng ti wei ruan ruo ceng 。dan fen bu fan wei xiao ,jin fen bu yu bei bu bian po po jiao de duan 。nian tu cheng ke ~ying su zhuang ,zhu yao fen bu yu yuan shi de xing de gou gu 、xie po de duan ,zai ji yu xia fu ji yan de jie mian qing xiang yu de xing po xiang yi zhi shi ke neng cheng wei ruan ruo ceng 。xia fu hui yan wei jiao ying yan ,gou cheng pai tu chang de ji de ,zai pai tu chang ou yu nei ji chan zhuang zong ti wei :269°-275°∠20°-37°,zai pai tu chang ou yu gou cheng fan qing xie po 。pai tu chang bian po de ke neng po huai mo shi zhu yao you bian po xing tai 、wu zhi zu cheng 、ji de yan tu ceng jiang du 、de xia shui te dian deng suo jue ding 。pu yang mei kuang 1hao pai tu chang ou yu nei na bu 、xi bu wei hui yan gou cheng de shan ji ,mo hua po ke neng ,dong bu bian po ji de ye wei hui yan ,dan tian zhu gao du yi jing gao chu de biao yao 78.89m。yi bei bu bian po wei zui gao ,zong ti gao du yao 233.11m。you 2-2′、3-3′、4-4′pou mian ke zhi ,bei bu bian po de ke neng hua yi mian (ruo mian )wei :tian tu yu xia fu ji yan de jie chu mian 、tian tu yu nian tu de fen jie mian 、nian tu yu xia fu ji yan de fen jie mian 、tian tu yu yu ni zhi nian tu de jie mian yi jing zheng ge yu ni zhi nian tu ceng 、zai bei bu bian po de xia bu ,de xia shui wei jie mian de duan ye ke neng cheng wei qian zai hua yi mian 。you JA1-JA1′pou mian ke zhi ,dong bu bian po de yan tu zu cheng wei tian tu he xia fu hui yan ,hui yan wei pai tu chang de ji de ,er ju hen wen ding 。dong bu bian po de yan tu zu cheng zhong mo que ding de ruan ruo ceng ,ji ke neng ruo mian shi tian tu ceng de yuan hu hua yi mian 。bei bu bian po wei yu xian zhuang pai tu chang de bei bu xian zhuang zui da tian zhu biao gao yi da 1030mzuo you ,zong ti po du wei 12°-13°,zu cheng bian po de yan tu ceng jiao wei fu za ,zai bei bu bian po po jiao bian yuan de duan chu lou ruan su zhuang yu ni zhi nian tu ,jiang du di ,di si ji ke ~ying su zhuang nian tu yi ji kuang shan pai qi tu 。ji de yan ceng wei jiao ying yan ——hui yan 。bei bu bian po de duan de xia shui feng fu ,mai cang jian ,ju xia fu ji de yan ceng zhong de rong dong fa yo ,ceng jing fa sheng guo hua po 。bei bu bian po de de ceng gou cheng zhong ,ge yan ceng de fen jie mian ji ke neng cheng wei ruan ruo mian ,ju yuan shi de xing de po xiang yu bian po de po xiang yi zhi ,zu cheng shun qing bian po ;de xia shui wei jie xian mian ye ke neng shi ruan ruo mian 。bian po wu zhi rong yi yan ruan ruo mian fa sheng yi dong bian xing ,chan sheng hua po 。gu bei bu bian po ke neng de hua yi mo shi wei yuan hu hua dong 。bei bu bian po de zong gao du da 233.11m,tian zhu tu de jie gou jiao wei song san 。dong bu bian po wei yu xian zhuang pai tu chang de dong bu xian zhuang zui da tian zhu biao gao yi da 1030mzuo you ,zong ti po du wei 12°-13°,zu cheng bian po de yan tu ceng jiao wei jian chan ,you JA1-JA1’pou mian ke zhi ,zu cheng bian po de wu zhi wei pai qi tu ,ji de wei jiao jian ying de hui yan ,ji yan mian po xiang yu bian po po xiang xiang fan ,zu cheng fan qing xie po 。gai de duan de xia shui mai cang jiao shen ,dui bian po wen ding xing de ying xiang jiao xiao 。dong bu bian po de ke neng hua yi mo shi wei yuan hu hua dong 。biao 3-1gei chu le 1hao pai tu chang de yan tu wu li li xue zhi biao ,biao zhong de shu ju yong yu bian po wen ding xing ji suan 。ji suan pai tu chang bian po wen ding de shi hou cai yong Slope/Wruan jian ,zhe ge ruan jian shu yu Geo-studio,zhu yao fen xi fang fa wei ji xian ping heng fang fa 。ben lun wen ji suan pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing cai yong Bishop,ji suan zhong ye yao kao lv de xia shui wei de bian hua 。zhu yao yan jiu shi bei bu bian po de 2-2’,3-3’,4-4’pou mian ,he dong bu bian po JA1-JA1’pou mian 。bei bu bian po 2-2’pou mian you 4ge de ceng ,ren gong tian tu ,yu ni zhi nian tu ,nian tu he hui yan ,zong ti bian po wei 13.55°,gao du wei 233.11m。3-3’pou mian ye you 4ge de ceng ,dan shi gen 2-2’pou mian de fen bu you ou bie 。zong ti bian po jiao ye shi 13.55°,4-4’pou mian gen qian liang pou mian de de ceng ye xiang tong dan shi fen bu ye bu yi yang 。dong bu bian po zhi you liang ge de ceng ren gong tian tu he hui yan ,zu cheng bian po de yan tu ceng jiao wei jian chan ji de wei jiao jian ying de hui yan ,ji yan mian po xiang yu bian po po xiang xiang fan ,zu cheng fan qing xie po 。gai de duan de xia shui mai cang jiao shen 。ji suan an quan ji shu de shi hou kao lv dao le yuan hu fa 。you ji suan jie guo ,bei bu bian po xian zhuang zai de xia shui zuo yong qing kuang xia jiang chu xian bu wen ding ,zai bei bu bian po po jiao de duan ,you yu de xia shui mai cang jian ,fen bu ruan ruo tu ceng ,bei bu bian po qian yuan po jiao de duan xian zhuang chu yu ji ben wen ding zhuang tai ,zai yu yu hou de xia shui shui wei sheng gao hou jiang chu xian bu wen ding ,you fa sheng po jiao qian yin shi hua po de wei xian xing 。dong bu bian po xian zhuang zong ti shi chu yu wen ding zhuang tai 。zai kao lv de xia shui zuo yong ying xiang xia ye chu yu wen ding zhuang tai ,ji dong bu bian po shi wen ding de 。di si zhang jie shao le pai tu chang bian po shu zhi mo ni fang fa 。zai di si zhang zhong jie shao le cai yong de ruan jian 。cai yong de ruan wei FLAC/SLOPE,zhe ge ruan jian zhu yao fang fa wei you xian cha fen fang fa 。ji suan qian xu yao jian li le bei bu bian po he dong bu bian po de mo xing ,ran hou jin hang ji suan 。zai zhe ge de fang ji suan de shi hou ye yao kao lv de xia shui de zuo yong 。cong tu 4-1dao tu 4-9ke yi kan dao bei bu pai tu chang de ji suan jie guo ,cong tu 4-10dao tu 4-12wei dong bu bian po de ji suan jie guo 。cong zhe xie tu lai kan dou xian shi yuan hu hua mian 。de dao de ji suan jie guo zai biao 4-1。dong bu bian po bu kao lv de xia shui de zuo yong wei wen ding ,zai de xia shui de ying xiang xia ye wen ding ,shui ming pai tu chang bian po bu hui xiang dong hua dong 。di si zhang zhu yao nei rong you 1hao pai tu chang bian po wen ding xing de ping jia yu fang zhi cuo shi 。shou xian bi jiao de dao de jie guo le ,tong guo lun wen cai yong de ruan jian 。de dao de ji suan jie guo hen xiang shi ,jiang ba Flac/slopejie guo wei lun wen de yi ju 。yi ban lai shui gen ju an quan ji shu lai ping jia bian po wen ding xing ,shou xian xu yao kao lv ,de zhi gou zao ,pai qi wu liao ,zong ti bian po ,de biao he de xia shui de zuo yong deng yin su 。bei bu bian po zai zi ran qing kuang xia wei ji ben wen ding ,dan shou shui de zuo yong shu yu bu wen ding ,yin wei you ruan ruo yan ,you bao yu de shi hou de xia shui wei sheng ji dui bei bu bian po you ke neng fa sheng po huai 。dong bu bian po shu yu wen ding zhuang tai ,yin wei de xia shui mai cang jiao shen ,dui bian po wen ding xing de ying xiang jiao xiao 。zai di si zhang zhong ye jie shao le 1hao pai tu chang de fang zhi cuo shi 。ben lun wen jie shao de zhu yao fang fa you :jian ce cuo shi he shu gan pai shui fang fa 。jian ce cuo shi zhong jie shao le de xia shui de ce ya ji 。ce ya ji ke yi jian ce de xia shui de ya li he de xia shui de shui wei bian hua 。ce ya ji you liang chong :qi ya shi qi ya ji he xian shi shen ya ji 。1hao pai tu chang wei le jian ce de xia shui de ya li he bian hua ke yi yong xian shi shen ya ji ,yin wei cao zuo jian chan ,neng bao zheng chang ji wen ding ,zhi liang gao ,cheng ben bi jiao di 。shu gan pai shui zhu yao jie shao san ge fang an :zai pai tu chang tian shang ti zhong she zhi shui ping shu gan kong ;zai pai tu chang ji de hui yan nei she zhi pai shui lang dao de fang fa ;zai pai tu chang biao mian tong guo xuan wa huo chang luo xuan yin kong she zhi lian xu pai shen qiang 。fang an 1de you dian shi :tian tu ceng han shui ceng nei shui tong guo shu gan kong zhi jie pai chu tian tu ceng ,zhen dui xing jiang ,dan bu neng you xiao de jiang lie xi shui 、rong yan shui pai chu ,hou ji mo fa jian xiu ,yi bei po huai ;fang an 2de you dian shi tong guo pai shui lang dao she zhi neng gou jiang han shui ceng ji lie xi shui you xiao de pai chu ,hou ji yi wei hu ,dan zai shi gong zhong xu dui wei jue jin lang dao jin hang tan fang ,fang zhi tu chong 。fang an 3de you dian shi :tong guo lian xu pai shen qiang de she zhi ,neng gou jiang han shui ceng ji lie xi shui you xiao de pai chu ,dan yin xu da chuan tian tu ceng ,yin ci ,dui cheng kong yao qiu gao 。shua ge fang an xu yao kao lv gong cheng tou zi he ji shu te zheng 。fang an 1、fang an 2、fang an 3cong pai tu chang shui wen de zhi 、de ceng jie gou lai kan ,jun ke shi xian pai tu chang shu gan pai shui de gong neng ,dan fang an 1、fang an 3cong shi gong nan du da wai ,fang an 1bu neng you xiao de jiang lie xi shui 、yan rong shui pai chu ,hou ji mo fa jian xiu 、yi bei po huai ;fang an 3yin xu da chuan tian tu ceng ,yin ci dui cheng kong yao qiu jiao gao ,zi jin tou ren jiao da ;er fang an 2zhen dui ji de yan rong lie xi shui cai yong pai shui lang dao shu pai .pai tu chang dui ti nei de kong xi shui ze cai yong pai shen kong shu pai ,ju pai shen kong jie ren xia mai pai shui lang dao ,tong yi you lang dao pai chu pai tu chang wai ,2chong shu pai cuo shi de you ji jie ge ,jing ji tou ren jiao ,fang an 1、fang an 3xiao ,yin ci ,zui zhong shua ze fang an 2zuo wei dui 1hao pai shang chang jin hang shu gan pai shui zhi li 。zui hou xie le ben lun wen de jie lun ,zhu yao you si ge dian :(1)gen ju de zhi zi liao fen xi ,jian li le pai tu chang de de zhi mo xing ,bing ju fen xi le shui wen tiao jian ,que ding shui shi zhu yao dui 1hao pai tu chang de ying xiang yin su ;(2)gen ju ji xian ping heng fang fa he Bishopyuan hu fang fa ,ji suan jie guo xian shi pai tu chang mei you shui de shi hou hen wen ding 。zai de xia shui de zuo yong ying xiang xia ,bei bu bian po chu xian bu wen ding ,dong bu bian po xian shi wen ding ;(3)jing guo shu zhi mo ni fang fa de dao de jie ke yi kan dao pai tu chang chu yu wen ding ,dan shi zai shou de xia shui de yi xia bei bu bian po hui chu xian bu wen ding 。zai de xia shui qing kuang xia ye shu yu bu wen ding ,dong bu bian po hai chu xian wen ding de zhuang tai ;(4)gen ju de dao de jie guo zuo le ge bi jiao ,de dao de jie lun wei liang chong fang fa de jie guo hen xiang shi ,ji suan an quan ji shu de shi hou ,liang chong fang fa chu xian de hua dong xing shi wei yuan hu hua dong mian ,cong Flac/sloperuan jian neng kan dao bian po de bian xing 。di chu zui ge li de fang zhi cuo shi you qi ya shi qi ya ji lai jian ce de xia shui de ya li he de xia shui de shui wei bian hua he zai pai tu chang ji de hui yan nei she zhi pai shui lang dao de fang fa lai ba de xia shui liu chu 。
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