用关联理论探讨新闻英语的特点及阅读策略

论文摘要

在当今的IT时代,随着信息量的日益增加,不同国家、不同文化之间的交流日益增多,新闻英语在人们的交流中扮演着越来越重要的角色。对于英语学习者来说,阅读英文报刊能学习最新的英语、了解变化的世界,而且它是学习和掌握现代英语的最重要、最有效的途径之一。新闻英语具有鲜明的特点,高时效性,谈论公众感兴趣的人与事,新闻英语语言简洁即尽可能的用最少的语言向读者传达最丰富的信息。除此之外,新闻英语必须客观、准确地报道事实。Sperber和Wilson的关联理论把语言交际看成一种明示—推理的认知过程,即对认知环境进行认知和互明的过程。说话人在其话语中设置明示刺激以实现其信息意图和交际意图。听话人根据关联原则和说话人的明示行为所提供的明示信息,运用推理认知能力,构建语境,并从若干可能的语义表达中选择最佳关联原则的解释,在关联理论下的语境是不断变化的,不明确的,是动态的。关联理论以关联性的定义及认知原则和交际原则作为基础。关联的认知原则指的是:人类的认知倾向与同最大程度的关联性相吻合;交际原则指的是:每个话语都应设想为话语或行为本身具备最佳关联性。本文从新闻英语的定义、分类、结构入手,着重对从英美主流报刊中所选76条语料进行了分析,进而从关联理论角度探讨了新闻英语独有的文体特点。该论文运用关联理论的交际观和语境观,分别对新闻英语的标题、导语、正文结构进行了分析,得出结论。最佳关联是新闻标题是否成功撰写的标准;运用明示—推理模式分析导语,可以更准确地获知新闻的大意;恰当运用动态语境及关联度能够解释新闻英语的“倒金字塔”结构。本文最后探讨了关联理论对新闻英语阅读的启示,指出关联理论对新闻报刊阅读者在阅读过程中的语言认知推理能力和跨文化交际能力的提高都有着重要的作用,从而使读者掌握了在关联理论指导下的一些阅读新闻英语的策略。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Contents
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Data Collection and Research Method
• 1.3 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Journalistic English
• 2.1 Style and Stylistics
• 2.1.1 Definitions of Style
• 2.1.2 Definitions and the Development of Stylistics
• 2.1.3 Classification of Stylistics
• 2.2 Elements of Journalistic English
• 2.2.1 Classification of Journalistic English
• 2.2.2 The Make-up of Journalistic English
• 2.2.3 The Stylistic Characteristics of Journalistic English
• Chapter Three An Overview on Relevance Theory
• 3.1 Theoretical Resource of Relevance Theory
• 3.2 Communication: Ostension and Inference
• 3.3 The Principle of Relevance
• 3.4 Degree of Relevance
• 3.5 Optimal Relevance
• 3.6 Dynamic Context
• Chapter Four Analysis of the Characteristics of Journalistic English Based on Relevance Theory
• 4.1 Characteristics of Headline
• 4.1.1 Lexical Level of Headline
• 4.1.2 Syntactical Level of Headline
• 4.1.3 Types of Headlines
• 4.1.4 Pursuit of Optimal Relevance of Headline
• 4.2 Characteristics of Lead
• 4.2.1 Syntactic Features of Lead
• 4.2.2 Semantic Features of Lead
• 4.2.3 Types of Lead
• 4.2.4 Ostensive-inferential Process of Lead
• 4.3 Characteristics of Body
• 4.3.1 Features of Body
• 4.3.2 The Inverted Pyramid
• 4.3.3 Degree of Relevance
• 4.3.4 Dynamic Context
• Chapter Five Three Strategies to Improve Reading Comprehension of Journalistic English
• 5.1 Grasping the Dynamic Context Could Comprehend Lexicon
• 5.1.1 Extensive Use of Polysemy
• 5.1.2 Flexible Use of Ambiguity
• 5.1.3 Frequent Use of Vagueness
• 5.2 Finding Optimal Relevance Could Interpret the Figures of Speech
• 5.2.1 Wide Use of Metaphor
• 5.2.2 Proper Use of Pun
• 5.3 Establishing the Cognitive Context Could Understand the Western Culture
• 5.3.1 Absence of Cognitive Context Causes Failure of Comprehension
• 5.3.2 Conflicts of Cognitive Context Cause Misunderstanding
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements