专业VS业余：《魔戒》大陆台湾中译本对比研究 ——奇幻文学翻译的功能主义解读

论文摘要

《魔戒》系列是西方奇幻文学的代表作,已被翻译成四十多种语言,且被读者评为世纪之书甚至千年之书,但国内对该书的研究大部分停留在探讨其文学性的方面,从翻译角度进行的研究却寥寥无几。为了填补这一空白,本文将以《魔戒》系列的其中两种中文译本(大陆译林出版社的简体中文版和台湾译者朱学恒通过联经出版的繁体中文版)为范本,从德国功能翻译学派的角度对其进行对比研究,旨在探明功能主义对翻译奇幻文学的评价和指导作用。本文以德国功能主义基本理论为指导,证实了不同译者对同一原文在翻译目的、文本功能、读者群等方面的理解不同,会采取不同翻译策略,从而产生不同的译文,并直接影响翻译效果。功能主义强调翻译过程中以交际为目的的跨文化转化,而由于奇幻文学体裁上的特殊性,使得文化负载词的翻译、翻译风格以及读者反应成为评判其翻译质量的重要标准。译林的译文由三位毕业于英语专业、长年在大学执教的英语翻译或教授合作完成,而台湾版本则由毕业于电机专业、凭借对奇幻文学的热爱而自告奋勇接下任务的朱学恒独立完成。对比译林的“专业”版本和朱学恒的“业余”版本,本文作者认为朱学恒译本对原文了解较为透彻,对读者群把握较为准确,在翻译风格、文化传递等方面较好地再现了原作的奇幻性因素,从而获得了良好的读者反应,成功达到了翻译目的。相对而言,由于译林的译者对奇幻文学这一特殊文学体裁缺乏了解,造成其翻译目的和读者群定位模糊,以至于对原文的奇幻性风格把握出现偏差,在文化传递方面失误较多,一定程度上增加了读者的阅读困难。总之,德国功能主义强调原文、译者、译本及译文读者等各个要素之间动态关系的协调,从而达到翻译交流的目的。事实证明,这一理论为奇幻文学翻译及翻译批评带来了新的可能性和新的启示,为今后产生更优秀的奇幻文学翻译铺平了道路。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract in Chinese
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 An Introduction to Fantasy Literature and The Lord of the Rings
• 2.1 About Fantasy Literature
• 2.1.1 An Introduction to Modern Western Fantasy Literature
• 2.1.2 The Development of and Differences between Western and Eastern Fantasy
• 2.2 About The Lord of the Rings
• 2.2.1 J.R.R Tolkien and His The Lord of the Rings
• 2.2.2 The Status and Influence of The Lord of the Rings Worldwide
• 2.3 About Two Chinese Versions of The Lord of the Rings
• 2.3.1 About Yilin and Yilin's Translation
• 2.3.1.1 About Yilin Press
• 2.3.1.2 Yilin's Translators and Yilin's Version
• 2.3.2 Lucifer Chu and Chu's Version
• Chapter 3 Related Theories for Fantasy Literature Translation
• 3.1 Interaction of Culture,Language and Cultural Transference
• 3.1.1.Relationship between Culture and Language
• 3.1.2 Translation as a Cross-cultural Activity
• 3.2 Domestication vs Foreignization
• 3.3 Reception Aesthetics and Reader-response Theory
• Chapter 4 Functionalist Approaches to Fantasy Literature Translation
• 4.1 An Introduction to Functionalist Approaches
• 4.1.1 Skopostheorie and Beyond
• 4.1.1.1 Skopos and Translation Brief
• 4.1.1.2 Text Typology and Text Function
• 4.2 A Functionalist Approach to Literature Translation
• 4.2.1 Actional Aspects of Fantasy Literary Communication
• 4.2.2 Literary Communication across Culture Barriers
• 4.3 Case Study:A Comparative Study of the Two Chinese Versions in a Functionalist Approach
• 4.3.1 Source-Text Analysis,Translation Brief & Beyond
• 4.3.2 Translation Strategies and Methods
• 4.3.2.1 Annotation
• 4.3.2.2 Transliteration
• 4.3.2.3 Paraphrase
• 4.3.2.4 Adaptation
• 4.3.3 Comparative Case Studies
• 4.3.3.1 From the Perspective of Cultural Transference
• Figure 1.Names of Main Races
• Figure 2.Names of Characters & Places
• Figure 3.Names of Materials
• 4.3.3.2 From the Perspective of Conventions
• 4.3.3.2.1 Genre Conventions
• 4.3.3.2.1.1 Translation Style
• 4.3.3.2.1.1.1 In Terms of"Fantasiness"
• 4.3.3.2.1.1.2 Individuality of the Characters
• 4.3.3.2.2 Conventions of Paraverbal Behavior
• 4.3.3.3 From the Perspective of Poetics
• 4.3.3.3.1 Translation of Puns
• 4.3.3.3.2 Translation of Metaphors
• 4.3.3.3.3 Translation of Poems
• 4.3.3.4 From the Perspective of Translation Errors
• 4.3.3.4.1 Pragmatic Errors
• 4.3.3.4.2 Cultural Errors
• 4.3.3.4.3 Linguistic Errors
• 4.3.3.5 From the Perspective of Readers' Response
• 4.3.3.5.1 Readers' Response to Yilin's Version
• 4.3.3.5.2 Readers' Response to Lucifer Chu's Version
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Author Affiliation in Chinese