《道德经》两英译本的描述性翻译研究

论文摘要

《道德经》作为中国历史上第一部具有完整哲学体系的著作,其思想的传播,对整个中华民族的思想和心理都有深远的影响。自1868年第一个英译本诞生以来,它在世界上受到广泛关注,尤其是在英美国家产生了广泛的影响。迄今为止,国内外已有100多种译本。《道德经》得到大量翻译和出版,成为除《圣经》外翻译版本最多的著作。《道德经》英译本中不乏有得到广泛好评的版本,如亚瑟·韦利的译本,重印过多次。可是,近二十年来,它仍以每年一本的速度出现新版本,这使得本文作者对此现象深感兴趣,并对此现象予以研究。上个世纪50年代,西方翻译研究的范式发生了转变,由规范转向描述,这是一个意义重大的转变。传统的规范性翻译研究侧重于文本的对照,力图探索语言转换的规律,评判译文的优劣,进而对翻译实践提供具体的指导。而描述性翻译研究则突破了由单纯文本构成的封闭空间,将翻译视为一种文化和历史现象。其着眼点不在于制定规范做出价值判断,而在于客观地描述实际发生的翻译现象。本篇论文将在前人研究的基础上,从哲学阐释学,目的论,主体性三个角度来描述《道德经》两译本的英译,对导致《道德经》英译本不断出现新译本这一现象做出分析,得出《道德经》复译的必然性。本文由引言、正文(共分四章)和结论组成:引言部分概述目前翻译界对《道德经》英译的研究现状,指出该研究领域存在的不足,引出本文所要研究的主要内容。第一章是老子和《道德经》简介,包括它的影响,英译作品,主题,风格,版本以及历代的评论介绍。第二章详细分析了老子文本的多义性和解释的多元化。从文本,语义,句法,以及思想解释的多样化来具体分析《道德经》意义的不确定性。第三章简要介绍了描述性翻译研究的概况,包括什么是描述性翻译研究,以及描述性翻译研究的两位核心人物霍姆斯的翻译学结构图和图里对描述性翻译学所做出的贡献。第四章是本论文的主体部分。首先介绍了文中所选译作的两位译者,林语堂和理雅各。接着从哲学阐释学角度,目的论角度,以及译者主体性角度分别对两译本进行分析,讨论,指出了两译本的不同,从而由此解释了不断出现《道德经》译本的原因。第五章总结了研究意义。指出由于不同时期不同译者的理解不同,翻译目的不同,以及在翻译过程中所体现的主体性不同,最终导致不同的译本,同时也解释了不同时期出现不同译本的必然性。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• 0.1 Research Purpose
• 0.2 Literature Review
• 0.2.1 The Studies of the Translations of Tao Te Ching abroad
• 0.2.2 The Studies of the Translations of Tao Te Ching at Home
• 0.2.3 Developing Tendency of Research
• 0.3 General Structures
• Chapter One Laozi and Tao Te Ching
• 1.1 Laozi
• 1.2 Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.1.The Influence of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.2.The Translation of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.3 The Themes and Key Concepts and Values of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.4 The Style of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.5 The Versions and Commentaries of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.5.1 The Versions of Tao Te Ching
• 1.2.5.2 The Commentary
• Summary
• Chapter Two The Diversifying Interpretations of Tao Te Ching
• 2.1 The Polysemy and Diversifying Interpretation of the Text of Tao Te Ching
• 2.1.1 the Polysemy Text of Tao Te Ching
• 2.1.2 The Diversifying Interpretations of the Text of Tao Te Ching
• 2.2 Diversification of Semantic Interpretation of Tao Te Ching
• 2.3 Diversification of Syntactic Interpretation of Tao Te Ching
• 2.4 The Diversification of Ideological Interpretation of Tao Te Ching
• 2.4.1 The Interpretation of Tao Te Ching in the light of Taoism
• 2.4.2 The Interpretation of Tao Te Ching in the light of Buddhism
• 2.4.3 The Explanation of Tao Te Ching in the light of Confucianism
• Summary
• Chapter Three Introduction to Descriptive Translation Studies
• 3.1 Descriptive Translation Studies
• 3.2 James Holmes' Map of Translation Studies
• 3.3 Gideon Toury's Program for Translation Studies
• 3.3.1 Diachronic and Synchronic Angles
• 3.3.2 Comparison
• Summary
• Chapter Four Descriptive Studies of the Two English Versions of Tao Te Ching
• 4.1 The Introduction to the Two Translators and Their Translations of Tao Te Ching
• 4.1.1 James Legge and His Translation of Tao Te Ching
• 4.1.2 Lin Yutang and His Translation of Tao Te Ching
• 4.2 The Descriptive Translation Studies from the Perspective of Hermeneutics
• 4.2.1 Hermeneutics and Translation studies
• 4.2.2. The Main Terms of Philosophical Hermeneutics
• 4.2.2.1 “the fore-structure of understanding”（前理解）
• 4.2.2.2 “The Historical of Understanding”, “Fore-projecting” and “Prejudice”
• 4.2.2.3 “Horizon”and “the Fusion of Horizons”
• 4.2.3 Legge’s Understanding of Tao Te Ching
• 4.2.3.1 Legge’s Fore-understanding
• 4.2.3.2 Legge’s Fusion of Horizons
• 4.2.3.3 Legge’s Understanding of Tao Te Ching
• 4.2.4 Lin Yutang’s Understanding of Tao Te Ching
• 4.2.4.1 Lin Yutang’s Fore-understanding
• 4.2.4.2 Lin Yutang’s Fusion of Horizon
• 4.2.4.3 Lin Yutang’s Understanding of Tao Te Ching
• Summary
• 4.3 The Descriptive Translation Studies from the Perspective of Skopos Theory
• 4.3.1 Introduction to Skopos Theory
• 4.3.2 Some Basic Concepts of Skopos theory--- Intratextual Coherence and Intertextual Coherence
• 4.3.3 The Descriptive Studies of the two Versions of Tao Te Ching
• 4.3.3.1.L egge’s Skopos of Translating Tao Te Ching
• 4.3.3.2.L in Yutang’s Skopos of Translating Tao Te Ching
• Summary
• 4.4 The Descriptive Translation Studies from the Perspectives of the Translator's Subjectivity
• 4.4.1. Definition of the Translator's Subjectivity
• 4.4.2 Theoretical foundation of translator’s subjectivity--- Receptive Aesthetics
• 4.4.3 Factors Involved in the Subjectivity of the Two Translators
• 4.4.3.1 Translators’Attitudes towards Source and Target Culture
• 4.4.3.2.The Translators’Backgrounds
• 4.4.3.3 The Translators’Styles
• 4.4.3.4 Creativity of the Two Translators
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix A（攻读学位期间发表论文目录）