记忆心理学视角下的交替传译过程及训练策略

记忆心理学视角下的交替传译过程及训练策略

论文摘要

众所周知,译员在交替传译过程中对原语的信息摄入,意义的表征与理解,译语的组织,计划和表达承受着巨大的精神压力。同时,交替传译的过程在某种程度上又被认为是译员与大脑遗忘作斗争的一个过程。由此看来译员的记忆能力在交传过程中的地位具有可想而知的重要性。然而并非人人天生就有着好的记忆能力。国内外大部分成功的译员都是通过一系列记忆能力和技巧的训练才最终具备惊人的记忆力。近年来口译研究在中国普遍受到关注,交替传译作为口译的最主要的类别之一,它的记忆过程也越来越受到人们的重视,研究者们日益增多。人们对口译记忆研究是从20世纪80年代开始,并且是从跨学科角度进行的,如:实验心理学、心理语言学、认知心理学等等。早在1879年,德国心理学家艾宾浩斯就开始了对记忆的实验研究,并为记忆研究提供了可靠的实验数据和科学的研究方法。整个口译的研究历史为时60多年,口译记忆研究的历史就有20多年。口译记忆的研究在当代是非常具有可行性和必要性的。当然,目前从记忆心理学这个跨学科的角度来展开研究口译记忆的学者人数并不多。本文旨在从记忆心理学角度揭示交替传译的记忆过程,讨论记忆机制在交替传译中的应用和它对交传训练的启示。文章首先讲到的是记忆的不同种类和不同记忆在交替传译过程中产生的不同作用,而后通过对比两种记忆处理模式和三种口译模式来进一步分析各种记忆的功能。两种记忆处理模式分别为理查德·艾金森和理查德·史福瑞提出的Atkinson-Shiffrin Model以及由Craik和Lockhart提出的人类记忆Level of Processing这一传统模式;三种口译模式分别是丹尼·吉尔的精力分配模式(the Effort Model,Daniel Gile,1995),3P模式(3PModel),以及达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇(Danica Seleskovitch)和迈瑞安娜·勒代尔(Marianne Lederer)的口译三角模式(the TriangularModel of Interpretive Theory,1994)。再次,作者通过参考艾宾浩斯的记忆遗忘曲线来分析在交替传译过程中的记忆遗忘现象以及它对口译记忆训练的启示,从而提出笔记是一种行之有效的延展记忆能力的方法,也由此提出了一些对交替传译记忆训练的可取建议和策略,如基于记忆模式中Rehearsal概念而提出的Retelling技巧,基于记忆理论中的Selective Attention概念而提出的shadowing exercise技巧,以及对记忆数字,专业词条和应对口译现场非常有帮助的一些技巧和记忆术,如Generalization,Categorization,Comparison,Visualization,imagery,Organization等等。作者最后还由此对当代口译教学提出了一些可取建议,口译训练应该打破传统的以题材为主的训练模式,而应该注重对译员口译技巧和题材训练的结合,记忆训练应该是口译技巧中最关键的步骤,应该予以足够的重视。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Contents
  • Table of Abbreviations
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 A General Review
  • 1.1 Interpreting History home and abroad
  • 1.1.1 A Review of CI Research
  • 1.1.2 Characteristics of CI
  • 1.1.3 CI package and assessment
  • Chapter 2 Memory
  • 2.1 The origins of memory psychology
  • 2.2 Memory classification
  • 2.2.1 Sensory Memory
  • 2.2.2 STM
  • 2.2.3 UTM
  • 2.2.4 Short Term vs. Long Term Memory
  • 2.3 Memory Psychology —Information-processing Model of Memory
  • 2.3.1 The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
  • 2.3.2 Level-of-Processing Model
  • 2.4 Interrelated Memory Function in CI
  • Chapter 3 Memory in CI Models
  • 3.1 Importance of memory training in ancient times
  • 3.2 Importance of modern CI Memory
  • 3.3 CI Models
  • 3.3.1 The Effort Models
  • 3.3.2 3P Model
  • 3.3.3 Le Theorie du Sens —Triangular model of Interpretive Theory
  • Chapter 4 Memory Loss Theory and Note-taking Technique in CI
  • 4.1 Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
  • 4.2 Memory Loss
  • 4.3 Note-taking—An Extension of memory capacity
  • 4.3.1 Training on Note-taking Content
  • 4.3.2 Training on Note-taking Method
  • 4.3.3 Common symbols and abbreviations applied in CI note-taking
  • 4.4 CI Training Inspiration Based on Memory Loss Theory
  • Chapter 5 Applied Strategies in CI Memory Training
  • 5.1 Memory Training in CI
  • 5.2 Retelling
  • 5.2.1 Categorization
  • 5.2.2 Generalization
  • 5.2.3 Comparison
  • 5.2.4 Visualization
  • 5.3 Shadowing Exercise
  • 5.4 Mnemonics
  • 5.4.1 General Discussion on Mnemonics
  • 5.4.2 Imagery
  • 5.4.3 Organization
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
  • 攻读学位期间主要的研究成果目录
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