生态翻译学观照下的儿童文学翻译 ——以《柳林风声》的两个中译本为例

生态翻译学观照下的儿童文学翻译 ——以《柳林风声》的两个中译本为例

论文摘要

《柳林风声》是英国著名作家格雷厄姆的成名之作,近二十年国内关于这部童话作品的译本不下二十余种,然而,随着时间的推移,许多不合时宜的译本渐渐退出了市场,唯有任溶溶和杨静远的译本在历经二十年之后仍处于无法超越的地位,这种现象值得深思。然而,传统的儿童文学翻译研究在阐释优秀译本的过程中大都着眼于译者的翻译策略和翻译方法的选择,而忽视了对该选择背后的原因的研究,使得研究缺乏依据,主观性太强。2008年,胡庚申教授提出的翻译适应选择论从生态学的角度剖析了翻译的过程,将译者策略选择的原因归结为译者适应翻译生态环境的要求和翻译生态环境指导译者做出选择两方面。该理论认为,翻译活动和所有其他的自然界的活动一样,都需要适应自然,在翻译过程中,所谓的“自然”指的是所有可以制约译者翻译活动的因素,统称为“翻译生态环境”,它包括源语,目的语,原文,读者,出版商,投资商,社会历史环境等一系列相关因素。该理论认为译者对于目的语文本的选择是以自身对多种生态环境的适应为基础的,如果在翻译的过程中,译者不能充分适应多种生态环境的要求,其所做出的选择也会被自然淘汰。在该理论基础上形成的生态翻译学着眼于宏观研究,致力于研究整个翻译过程的发生,翻译策略的选择和翻译方法的运用。它引导研究者从整个翻译过程的角度来看待翻译作品的优劣,优秀的译本必然是适应翻译生态坏境的译本,而被社会和历史淘汰的译本便是不适应翻译生态环境的译本。本文研究的主题是探讨任溶溶和杨静远的《柳林风声》译本在自然竞争中胜出的原因,论证生态翻译学的观点在儿童文学的翻译过程中的解释力。本文以生态翻译学中适应和选择理论为理论框架,以收集、归纳、总结译者多方面信息以及对比研究的两个中文译本为研究方法,得出的结论是:优秀的译本必然是符合生态翻译的译本。本文首先对生态翻译进行了系统的阐释,解释了生态翻译可以应用到儿童文学翻译的理论依据。本文认为,由译者自身的素质,儿童文学的题材,目标读者,以及译者所处时代的意识形态所构成的翻译生态环境影响译者对生态环境的适应,而译者适应与否又直接影响到译者对于目标文本的选择,故此,作者分两步对翻译过程进行讨论。然后通过对译者材料的收集和两个文本的对比分析,本文从以下两方面展开讨论。在适应阶段,译者需要适应多种翻译生态环境的要求。作者创造性的将翻译生态环境分为内部生态环境和外部生态环境,前者包括译者的翻译动机,对儿童文学的理解和兴趣,双语能力,跨文化交际的能力等自身因素;后者包括原文的风格,目标读者的特殊性和社会意识形态对译者的宏观影响。在这一阶段,外部生态环境是存在变化发展的,译者重点是要使自己适应变化的外部生态环境。在选择阶段,译者为了使自己的译本能够适应多种翻译生态环境的要求,必须选择适当的翻译策略和翻译方法。译者不仅要考虑原文的风格和儿童读者的需求,还要考虑译者所处的社会环境对翻译策略的影响。通过例证分析法,作者证明了以归化为主,异化为辅的翻译策略能够有效的满足多方面翻译生态环境的要求,达到译文在语言层面,文化层面和交际层面的多维度转换,形成经典译本。通过研究论证,本文认为:第一,任溶溶和杨静远的译本不仅适应了译者所处时代的翻译生态环境,也符合当今社会翻译生态环境的要求;第二,儿童文学的翻译研究可以从宏观的角度进行分析,优秀的儿童文学译本必定是译者进行先适应后选择的翻译过程的产物;第三,生态翻译学对于儿童文学的解释力是毋庸置疑的,基于“生态学”这一元科学的翻译理论在某种程度上也适用于其它文本的宏观分析,故此,为翻译研究拓展了新视野。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Research Background
  • 1.2 Research Objectives
  • 1.3 Research Methodology
  • 1.4 Structure of the Thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Studies of the TCL
  • 2.1.1 Relevant Studies in China
  • 2.1.2 Relevant Studies Abroad
  • 2.2 Studies of Wind in the Willows
  • 2.3 Signifcance of the Thesis
  • Chapter Three Theoretical Framework of Eco-Translatology
  • 3.1 Formation of Eco-translatology
  • 3.2 Main Theory of Eco-translatology
  • 3.2.1 Translation Process
  • 3.2.2 Translation Principle and Translation Method
  • 3.3 Applicability of Eco-translatology in the TCL
  • Chapter Four Multi-dimensional Adaptation to the TCL
  • 4.1 Translational Eco—environment of TCL
  • 4.2 Adaptation to Inner Eco-environment of TCL
  • 4.2.1 Adaptation to Translator's"need"
  • 4.2.2 Adaptation to Translator's"Competence"
  • 4.3 Adaptation to Outer Translational Eco-environment
  • 4.3.1 Source Text
  • 4.3.2 Social Environment
  • 4.4 Summary
  • Chapter Five Adaptive Selection in TCL
  • 5.1 Adaptive Selection of Translation Strategy
  • 5.1.1 Translation Strategy:Domestication vs.Foreignization
  • 5.1.2 Ren and Yang's Choice:Domestication as Focus and Foreignization as Supplement
  • 5.2 Adaptive Selection of Translation Method:Adaptive Transformation from Three Dimensions
  • 5.2.1 Adaptive Transformation from the Linguistic Dimension
  • 5.2.2 Adaptive Transformation from the Cultural Dimension
  • 5.2.3 Adaptive Transformation from the Dimension of Communication
  • 5.3 Summary
  • Chapter Six Conclusion
  • Works Cited
  • Publications
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    生态翻译学观照下的儿童文学翻译 ——以《柳林风声》的两个中译本为例
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