论文题目: 妇女在建筑行业的就业及其对坦桑尼亚经济发展的影响
论文类型: 博士论文
论文专业: 管理科学与工程
导师: 李京文
关键词: 经济发展,就业与失业,建筑业,妇女
文献来源: 北京工业大学
发表年度: 2005
论文摘要: 任何一个国家的经济发展体现在其主要宏观经济变量上,如经济增长、物价稳定、国际贸易和就业。其中,就业对其它变量有着巨大的影响。低就业或高失业对产出和通货膨胀都有直接影响。经济学家相信,当一国经济实现完全就业时其运行能力达到最大,从而实现潜在国内生产总值。失业与通货膨胀之间存在一种取舍关系,一个指标上升则另一个指标就下降。历史上关于就业、产出和通货膨胀的讨论可以追溯到萨伊、凯恩斯、菲利浦斯曲线以及弗里德曼的方法。建筑业对创造就业方面的贡献怎么强调也不过分。做为国民经济的一个重要组成部分,建筑业对经济的贡献由GDP,GFCF,就业的创造和产业的生产率来衡量。为充分实现其对经济的贡献潜力,建筑业的绩效需要不断地改进。建筑业的绩效问题近年来一直是讨论的一个热点。若干因素,包括技能短缺、对招聘和留住合适的职员的不坚决、对教育和培训投入的不力,阻碍了建筑业绩效的提高。技能短缺的原因之一是潜在的年轻劳动力有避开建筑业工作的倾向,因为现在比十年以前有更多发展机会,城市中的青年男子多选择白领工作而不是建筑业这样的蓝领工作。其次是该产业的“三难问题”(活难、清洁难和安全难)一直没有得到妥善的解决。技能短缺的后果是建筑业对外地劳动力以及更多的用机器代替人工,这些都使得当地的失业率上升和生产业绩的下降,因为机器并不能完全取代人工。至于建筑业对招聘和留住合适的职员的不坚决这一问题,建筑业需要尽快改变这一状况,而单靠传统的受雇群体(男性)无法达到利益相关方的期望。因此,建筑业需要坚强的领导、对客户利益的关注、对质量的严格要求以及对工人的承诺,而所有这些都可以通过职工多样性的渠道来获得。以上两个问题都可以通过增加妇女在建筑行业的就业得到解决。本论文探讨妇女在建筑业中就业率过低对经济的影响。研究基于对坦桑尼亚建筑业的调查问卷和访谈。问卷从建筑业的职位中仔细挑选了常见的11 种,让每个雇主填写每一种职位中男性和女性雇员的数量。此外,就雇主对雇员的
论文目录:
摘要
Abstract
Table of Contents
Table Captions
Figure Captions
Acronyms
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 An Overview of Tanzanian Economic Performance
1.1.1 Definition of Macroeconomics
1.1.2 National Income/Output
1.1.2.1 Domestic Resources
1.1.3 Inflation
1.1.3.1 Classification of Inflation
1.1.3.2 Effects of Inflation
1.1.4 Employment
1.1.5 International trade
1.1.5.1 Reasons for International Trade
1.2 Employment and Unemployment
1.2.1 Definition
1.2.2 Employment and Poverty Eradication
1.2.3 Employment and the Construction Sector
1.2.3.1 The Construction Industry and the Economy
1.2.3.2 The Performance of the Construction Industry
1.2.3.3 Construction Industry Contribution to Employment
1.3 Women Employment and the Construction Industry
1.3.1 Women in Construction and Unemployment –A Problem Review
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Contribution beyond Previous Researches
1.6 Objectives
1.7 Hypothesis
1.8 Summary
Chapter 2 Employment and Unemployment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Employment and Unemployment Concepts
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 The Effect of Employment on the Economy
2.3 Global Unemployment Trends
2.4 Women in Paid Employment
2.4.1 Gender Concept
2.4.2 History
2.3.3 Employment Related Struggle
2.3.4 International Joint Effort
2.3.5 Recent Development
2.4 Tanzania Employment Status
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Women Employment in Tanzania
2.4.3 National Efforts
2.4.4 Education and Training
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 Employment and the Construction Industry
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Construction Industry and the Economy
3.2.1 Contribution to GDP and GFCF
3.2.2 Industrial productivity
3.3 The performance of the Construction Industry
3.3.1 Project performance Indicators
3.3.2 Economic Performance Indicators
3.4 The Tanzanian Construction Industry
3.4.1 Constraints to the Industry Development
3.4.2 The Industry’s Performance
3.5 The Construction industry and Employment
3.5.1 The Economics of Employment in the Construction Industry
3.5.2 Formal Construction Sector Employment
3.5.3 Informal Construction Sector Employment
3.5.4 Structure of the Construction Workforce
3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 Women and Construction Employment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Women in Non-Traditional Occupations
4.2.1 Construction as One of Non-Traditional Occupations
4.2.2 The Impetus behind Promoting Women in Construction Industry
4.2.3 Strategies by Various Bodies
4.3 Education and Training in the Construction Industry
4.3.1 Informal Training in Tanzania
4.3.1.1 NCC Labour based Contractor Training Project
4.3.1.2 TASAF Public Works Programme
4.4 Opportunities and Strengths
4.4.1 LBT and Contracting Arrangement
4.4.2 Construction Industry Policy (CIP)
4.4.3 Urbanization
4.5 Challenges and/or Barriers to Women in Construction
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5 Determination of Women Participation in Construction Fields
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Women Engaged in Construction Activities
5.3 Data Collection Technique
5.3.1 Method used in Data Collection
5.3.1.1 Questionnaires
5.3.1.2 Interviews
5.4 Characteristics of Occupations Under the Study
5.4.1 Architects and Quantity Surveyors
5.4.1.1 Service Rendered by Quantity Surveyors
5.4.1.2 Service offered by Architects
5.4.2 Engineers and Technicians
5.4.2.1 Service offered by Engineers
5.4.3 Project/Construction Manager
5.4.3.1 Project Manager
5.4.3.2 Construction Manager
5.4.4 Contracting Firms
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Employment Status in the Construction Industry
6.2.1 Assessment of Construction Employment Trends
6.2.2 Women Representation in Construction Employment
6.3 Female Participation in Various Projects
6.4 Influential Factors to Women Engagement in the Industry
6.4.1 Obstacles to Women Participation in the Construction Industry
6.4.2 Factors Leading to Women Increase in Construction
6.4.3 Government Intervention
6.4.4 Why Promote Women Involvement in Construction?
6.4.5 Women Entrepreneurship in Construction
6.5 The Impact on Economic Development
6.6 Learned Lesson from China
6.7 Summary
References
Appendix
Publications
Acknowledgement
发布时间: 2005-09-21
参考文献
- [1].就业与妇女的能力[D]. Shamsun Nahar Ahmed（苏娜）.中国农业大学2014
- [2].马达加斯加乡—城迁移的动因与策略研究[D]. 杰瑞（RAKOTONIRINA Jeremy Desiré）.中国地质大学2016
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