从隐喻纬度优化P型笔记法的研究

论文摘要

近年来,中国的翻译理论家们已经开始关注如何提高口译质量这一课题。无论是在口译实践中,还是在口译教学中,笔记都是提高口译质量的重要辅助工具之一。现今不少学者从语言学和认知心理学等多种角度对口译笔记进行了深入研究。但和西方理论相比,中国在口译笔记方面的学术研究仍需进一步的深入。目前针对英汉/汉英口译的笔记技巧种类较多,但其中大部分有共同或相似的特征。有些学者统一称其为P型笔记法。该技巧相当有效,因此得到非常普遍的推广和应用。但学者也指出,它并不是完美和万能的,其某些方面尚有待改进。本文认为,从概念隐喻的纬度看来,皮特曼速记是对P型笔记法的良好补充,因此,在大量实验研究基础上,文章系统地提出一套将皮特曼速记符号应用于P型笔记法的方法,以优化P型笔记法,为连续口译学员提供更完善的笔记技巧。首先,作者从认知语言学出发,试图从隐喻的纬度探讨用皮特曼速记优化P型笔记法在理论层面上的可行性。概念隐喻理论是当代隐喻理论中最重要的理论之一。以该理论为基础,作者认为,正是人类在概念层面上的隐喻思维认知能力使人类有能力创造出P型笔记法和皮特曼速记。创造二者的不同之处在于该能力在创造过程中侧重点不同。创造P型笔记法时,该能力侧重于寻求概念和概念、概念和隐喻表达式、概念和符号之间的相似性。而创造皮特曼速记时,该能力侧重于在人类的概念层面上创造相似性以及在此创造过程中获得的“概念是语言”和“语言是符号”这两种重要的概念隐喻模式。该能力在创造P型笔记法时的侧重点使该笔记法具有简洁高效的优势,但它也导致了该笔记法最大的弱点,即其高效的笔记符号相对于人类概念体系而言相当有限。由于这个弱点是由创造P型笔记法的内在原动力造成的,其笔记法内部的改进无法从根本上消除这个弱点。因此优化P型笔记法的较好方法是从其他的笔记技巧中借鉴引进一些新鲜的因素。概念隐喻思维能力在创造皮特曼速记时的侧重点使该技巧具有能够完整和简洁地记录所有概念和英语词汇的符号体系。皮特曼速记的这个优点恰恰能较好地弥补P型笔记法的缺陷。因此从概念隐喻理论来看,皮特曼速记是P型笔记法的良好补充,利用其来优化P型笔记法对连续口译学员无疑是一个好的选择。

论文目录

Abstract （in Chinese）

Abstract （in English）

Introduction

Chapter One A Brief Introduction to P-note and Pitman Shorthand

1.1 A Brief Introduction to P-note Technique

1.1.1 Types of NT Techniques

1.1.2 P-note Technique

1.2 A Brief Introduction to Pitman Shorthand

1.2.1 The History and Types of Stenographic Techniques

1.2.2 Introduction to Pitman Shorthand

Chapter Two A Metaphorical Approach to P-note and Pitman Shorthand

2.1 Demonstration of Metaphor Theories

2.1.1 Introduction to the History of Metaphor Theories

2.1.2 Definition of Metaphor

2.1.3 Phases in the Comprehension of Metaphor

2.2 Demonstration of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.2.1 The Connotation of Concept

2.2.2 The Distinction between Metaphor and Metaphorical Expression

2.2.3 Fundamental Viewpoints of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.2.4 The Classification of Metaphor Models

2.3 The Interpretation of P-note from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.3.1 Metaphor as the Guiding Principle for P-note

2.3.2 Reason for the Advantages and Disadvantages of P-note

2.4 The Interpretation of Pitman Shorthand from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

2.5 Pitman Shorthand as a Good Supplement to P-note

Chapter Three Empirical Study on the Improvement of P-note Technique

3.1 Logical Structure

3.2 Difficult Words and Phrases

3.2.1 Nouns

3.2.2 Adjectives and Adverbs

3.2.3 Verbs

3.2.4 Complex Phrases

3.2.5 Numerals

3.3 Mixture of P-note and Pitman Shorthand Symbols

3.4 Pitman Shorthand Symbols Unsuitable for P-note System

3.5 Free Choice between P-note and Pitman Shorthand Symbols

3.6 Detailed Analyses of Tests

Chapter Four The Significance of the Subject of the Dissertation

4.1 Significance at the Theoretical Level

4.2 Significance at the Pragmatic Level

Conclusion

Appendix I Suggested Interpretation for the Sample in Chapter 2.5

Appendix II Suggested Interpretation for the Sample in Chapter 3.1

Appendix III Suggested Interpretation for the Sample in Chapter 3.3

Appendix IV Transcript for Test 1, Chapter 3.6

Appendix V Suggested Interpretation for Test 2, Chapter 3.6

Appendix VI Suggested Interpretation for Test 4, Chapter 3.6

Bibliography

Glossary

Acknowledgements

从隐喻纬度优化P型笔记法的研究

论文摘要

论文目录

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