英文广告中实体隐喻的认知语用研究

英文广告中实体隐喻的认知语用研究

论文摘要

当今世界,广告在我们的生活中随处可见。为了在有限的时间或空间内给消费者留下更深刻的印象,广告策划者在广告中也非常乐于运用隐喻手法。广告作为一种常见的社会现象,国内外的语言学家和学者已经从不同角度对其开展了大量的研究。本文主要是验证从认知-语用角度研究英文广告中实体隐喻的可行性。根据莱考夫和约翰逊对隐喻的分类,实体隐喻是隐喻的一种。不同于传统语言学把隐喻看作是语言修辞手段的观点,莱考夫和约翰逊认为隐喻是一种思维方式,是认知的有力工具。他们在《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书中指出:隐喻并不仅仅只是用语言表达思想的一种方式,而是一种感知,思维和行动的方式。隐喻的实质就是通过另一类事物来理解和经历某一类事物。斯珀伯和威尔逊合作出版的著作《关联性:交际与认知》为我们研究语言交际提供了新的视角。关联论认为人类的交际是一个明示-推理过程:从说话者的角度说,交际是一个明示过程,即说话者把信息意图明白地展现出来;从听话者的角度来说,交际是一个推理过程,就是听话者根据说话者的明示行为及其他语境信息获知说话人的交际意图的过程。本文作者认为,作为一种交际方式,广告中的隐喻的理解必须考虑与其相关的语境信息。隐喻本质上是一种思维和行动方式,但是其理解必须依赖于具有最佳相关性的语境信息。隐喻既是一种认知现象又是一种语用现象。因此本篇论文提出假设:隐喻的理解必须将莱考夫和约翰逊提出的认知理论与斯珀伯和威尔逊提出的关联论结合起来。本文作者以此假设为基础,并结合37篇含实体隐喻的英文广告,详细分析了三类实体隐喻,即实体物质隐喻,容器隐喻,和拟人隐喻,并以此进一步证明了以上假设的合理性。本文不仅能够提供给读者一种新颖、实用的理解隐喻的方法,以帮助读者更加深入、充分地理解隐喻,而且也为读者理解广告中的隐喻提供了范例。此外,它必将进一步激发我们学习语言的兴趣。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Motivations and goals
  • 1.2 Research methodology and source data
  • 1.3 The organization of the thesis
  • 2. Literature review
  • 2.1 The rhetorical approach
  • 2.2 The semantic approach
  • 2.3 The pragmatic approach
  • 2.4 The cognitive approach
  • 2.5 Metaphor in advertising
  • 3. Theoretical foundation
  • 3.1 The cognitive approach to metaphor
  • 3.1.1 The main characteristics of metaphor
  • 3.1.1.1 The ubiquity of metaphor
  • 3.1.1.2 The conceptual nature of metaphor
  • 3.1.1.3 The systematicity of metaphor
  • 3.1.2 Metaphor as a mapping across two domains
  • 3.1.3 The experiential bases and realization of metaphor
  • 3.1.4 Classification of metaphor
  • 3.1.4.1 Orientational metaphors
  • 3.1.4.2 Ontological metaphors
  • 3.1.4.3 Structural metaphors
  • 3.2 The pragmatic approach to metaphor
  • 3.2.1 Relevance and cognition
  • 3.2.2 Ostensive-inferential communication
  • 3.2.3 Identification of implicatures
  • 3.2.4 Metaphor and relevance theory
  • 3.3 A cognitive-pragmatic approach to metaphor
  • 4. Ontological metaphors in English advertisements
  • 4.1 Application of ontological metaphors in advertisements
  • 4.2 Classification of ontological metaphor in advertisements
  • 4.3 Advertisements as Ostensive-Inferential communication
  • 4.4 Metaphors as ostensive stimulus
  • 5. Ostensive-Inferential analysis of ontological metaphors
  • 5.1 Entity and substance metaphors for different purposes
  • 5.1.1 Referring
  • 5.1.2 Quantifying
  • 5.1.3 Identifying aspects
  • 5.2 Container metaphors
  • 5.2.1 Container schema and container metaphor
  • 5.2.2 Exemplifications
  • 5.3 Personification metaphors
  • 6. Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary of the study
  • 6.2 Limitations of the study
  • 6.3 Suggestions for further research
  • Bibliography
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    英文广告中实体隐喻的认知语用研究
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