论清末的法律翻译

论文摘要

清朝的封建统治者固步自封夜郎自大,大清最具影响力的统治者慈禧太后曾经一度下令禁止国人研习甚至是接触西方语言,正因为如此,大清帝国几成井底之蛙难以了解时代的潮流。这种情形一直延续到第一次鸦片战争爆发之后,列强以侵略的方式用坚船利炮打开了中国的国门。一部分具有远见的中国有识之士开始寻求一条有效的救国之路。是否该“师夷长技以制夷”成为了保守派和改革派激烈讨论的焦点,而与这个焦点息息相关的就是,是否该翻译引进西方的法律著作与法律思想。在列强侵略日益严重,清朝社会政治经济危机一触即发,帝国大厦即将倒塌的关头,清朝社会最终还是顺应潮流,开始翻译借鉴西方法律。清朝末期,社会沦为半殖民地半封建社会,一方面统治阶级急迫切需要法律翻译为统治者提供武器对抗西方列强,另一方面,民间具有远见卓识的知识分子也意识到只有西方法律思想能从根本上拯救中国,法律翻译潮之势日趋壮大。在第一次鸦片战争后,清末法律翻译人才的储备完全无法满足社会对法律翻译的需求,因此,清末的法律翻译具有任何一个历史时期都无法出现的模式,第一种模式是西方翻译者主导进行法律翻译,第二种模式是清末本土翻译者进行法律翻译。两种截然不同的法律翻译各自产生于不同的社会状况,有各自不同的翻译方法,对清末社会以及后世产生了不同的影响发挥了不同的作用。概括起来,本文进行的研究可分成两部分。第一部分是第二章,主要是对清末的社会状况进行概括,并对清末法律翻译的出现,发展脉络以及历史意义和现实意义做一个简单的介绍。这个部分的介绍形成了第二部分研究的基础。第二部分的研究是第一部分研究的一个延伸。第二部分由第三、四章组成,详细地研究了清末社会出现的两种各有特色的翻译模式。第三章研究西方翻译者主导的法律翻译。第四章研究本土翻译者主导的法律翻译。对这一部分的研究是从两个翻译模式产生的政治因素以及教育因素来阐述其产生的原因,介绍最具代表的翻译者,及产生于不同背景的法律翻译者采用的各有特色的翻译方法,进而阐述两种翻译模式对清末社会以及后世产生的不同影响。

论文目录

Acknowledgement

Abstract

摘要

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 Significance of This Study

1.2 Structure of This Study

1.3 Research Methodology and Data Collection

CHAPTER TWO A BRIEF REVIEW ON LEGAL TRANSLATION IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY

2.1 Social Situation of the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Influences on the Modes of Legal Translation

2.1.1 Political and Economical Situation and Their Promotion for Legal Translation

2.1.2 Educational Situation and Its Influences on the Modes of Legal Translation

2.1.3 Legal Situation and Its Influences on the Modes of Legal Translation

2.2 Development of Legal Translation in the late Qing Dynasty

2.2.1 The Beginning of Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

2.2.2 Development of Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

2.3 The Historical and Practical Significance of Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

2.3.1 The Historical Significance of Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

2.3.2 The Practical Significance of Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

CHAPTER THREE LEGAL TRANSLATION CONDUCTED BY FOREING TRANSLATORS AND ITS SOCIAL INFLUENCES

3.1 Social Factors that Fostered Legal Translation Conducted by the Foreign Translators

3.1.1 Political factors

3.1.2 Educational Factors

3.2 Explicit Introduction to the Foreign Translators and Translation Works Conducted by Them

3.2.1 Willian Martin

3.2.2 John Fryer

3.3 Translation Methods Adopted by the Foreign Translators

3.4 Influences of Legal Translation Conducted by Foreign Translators on Socitey of the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

3.4.1 Influences on Legal Translation in the Late Qing dynasty and Later Ages

3.4.2 Influences on Legal Development in the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

3.4.3 Influences on the Other Aspects in the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

CHAPTER FOUR LEGAL TRANSLATION CONDUCTED BY THE LOCAl TRANSLATORS AND ITS SOCIAL INFLUENCES

4.1 Social Factors that Fostered Legal Translation Conducted by Local Translators and Its Social Influences

4.1.1 Political Factors

4.1.2 Educational Factors

4.2 Explicit Introduction to Local Translators and Their Translation Works Conducted by Them

4.2.1 Yan Fu

4.2.2 Liang Qichao and Other Chinese Students Studying in Japan

4.3 Translation Methods Adopted by Local Translators

4.4 Influences of Legal Translation Conducted by Local Translators on Society of the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

4.4.1 Influences on Legal Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

4.4.2 Influences on Legal Development in the Late Qing dynasty and Later Ages

4.4.3 Influences on the Other Aspects in the Late Qing Dynasty and Later Ages

CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION

Bibliography

论清末的法律翻译

论文摘要

论文目录

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