从工作记忆的角度研究交替传译

论文摘要

口译中的交替传译是一项受时间限制的高度复杂的双语活动。当源语流停止时,译员必须立即进行译入语输出。口译中,译员要经过原语听辨、分析、信息保持、译入语表达等一系列认知处理过程。这些处理环节都是同时进行的,又受时间限制,给译员带来沉重的认知负荷。如果译员的认知处理能力不能有效应对认知负荷,就会出现遗漏和差错。为了理解认知负荷,论文以工作记忆为理论框架,分析译员的信息处理机制;从跨学科的角度对译员的理解过程、信息保持和提取等做了详尽的科学分析,从而提示译员所必须具备的认知处理能力。论文还研究了影响工作记忆的几个重要因素,并在此基础上尝试回答这样一个核心问题:如何获得交替传译的专家技能?最后,论文通过比较专家和新手的表现差异,突出了专家技能的几个重要特点,提出了加强技能的重要策略,并指出培养专家技能必须通过针对性的强化训练。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Consecutive Interpretation and the Situations in which it is Used
• 1.2 Research on Interpretation: History and Developments
• 1.3 The Present Study: Focus and Methods
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Consecutive Interpretation
• 2.1.1 An Overview of Consecutive Interpretation
• 2.1.2 The Theory of Sense
• 2.1.3 Effort Model
• 2.2 Working Memory
• 2.3 Working Memory Capacity
• 2.4 Previous Study of Working Memory and Interpretation
• Chapter Three The Analysis of Working Memory in the Process of Consecutive Interpreting
• 3.1 The Mechanism of Working Memory: An Overview
• 3.2 Deep Comprehension
• 3.3 Information Representation
• 3.3.1 Phonologically-based Material and Visuospatial Material
• 3.3.2 Organization of Information
• 3.4 The Maintenance of Information
• 3.4.1 Chunking
• 3.4.2 Rehearsal
• 3.5 Information Retrieval
• Chapter Four Factors that Affect the Accuracy of Memory
• 4.1 Interference
• 4.2 The Lack of Controlled Attention
• 4.3 The Limits of the Capacity
• Chapter Five Methods to Enhance Working Memory
• 5.1 Expert Performance
• 5.2 Strategies
• 5.2.1 Selective Encoding
• 5.2.2 Retrieval Structure
• 5.2.3 Reasoning, Decision-making, and Effective Planning
• 5.3 Deliberate Practice and Automatisation
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• Bibliography