从功能对等角度看文学翻译 ——以《王子与贫儿》两个中文译本为例

论文摘要

本文以美国语言学家和翻译学家奈达提出的功能对等理论为依据,对马克·吐温的《王子与贫儿》的两个中译本进行比较研究,目的在于探索这一理论对于评价文学和指导儿童翻译的可行性。与传统的翻译理论不同,奈达的功能对等理论从另一角度提供了一个翻译批评的标准。要达到理想的翻译,就要找到与原文最自然且最贴近的对等语,而不是拘泥于单纯的形式对等。换句话说,译文的读者对译文的反应要与原文读者对原文的反应等值。作为文学的一种形式,儿童文学具有文学的一般特征,但又具有不同于一般文学的自身特点。它要求从形式到内容都应通俗易懂,生动活泼,有益于少年儿童的品德和智力发展。本论文分为四章。第一章简要的介绍了儿童文学及其翻译,同时介绍了小说The Prince and the Pauper及其两种中译本。第二章简要的介绍了奈达的“功能对等”理论及其在文学翻译中的应用。第三章对两个译本做了比较研究。比较研究从两个层面展开:首先是意义的传达,其次是风格的再现。在第一小节中,本文对所指意义和联想意义两种意义进行了分类介绍,然后对比研究了两个译本对于这两种意义的传达。在第二小节中,本文对译本的风格再现进行了对比研究,选取了最能代表原作风格的四个方面:语音、词汇、句法和修辞手段对两个译本进行对比。结语部分在对两个译本分析研究基础上,总结出它们各自的长处与不足,并对未来的研究提出建议。本研究在理论和实践两方面都具有一定意义。从理论上说,本研究运用功能对等原则比较系统地分析了两个译本,检验了功能对等原则在儿童文学翻译和翻译评价中的解释力和指导作用。从实践上看,通过分析了解儿童文学的特殊性,有助于更好的实现儿童文学翻译的功能对等,为儿童文学的译者提供参考与建议。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 0.1 Objectives of the Research
• 0.2 Significance of the Research
• 0.3 The Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter One Children's Literature and Its Translation
• 1.1 Children and Children's Literature
• 1.1.1 Definition of Children's Literature
• 1.1.2 Classification of Children's Literature
• 1.1.3 Characteristics of Children's Literature
• 1.1.3.1 Plot
• 1.1.3.2 Characterization
• 1.1.3.3 Language
• 1.2 The Prince and the Pauper and Its Two Chinese Version
• 1.2.1 About the Writer
• 1.2.2 About the Novel
• 1.2.3 About the Two Chinese Versions
• Chapter Two Functional Equivalence and Translation
• 2.1 A Brief Introduction to Translation Equivalence
• 2.1.1 Catford's Equivalence Theory
• 2.1.2 Wilss's Equivalence Theory
• 2.1.3 Baker's Equivalence Theory
• 2.2 Nida's Theory of Functional Equivalence
• 2.2.1 Two Types of Equivalence
• 2.2.2 The Development of Functional Equivalence
• 2.2.3 Different Levels of Equivalence
• 2.2.4 Principles for Producing Functional Equivalence
• 2.3 Application of Functional Equivalence to Children's Literature Translation
• Chapter Three A Comparative Study of the Two Chinese Versions
• 3.1 Equivalence in Terms of Meaning
• 3.1.1 Referential Meaning
• 3.1.2 Connotative Meaning
• 3.2 Equivalence in Terms of Style
• 3.2.1 On the Sound Level
• 3.2.1.1 Exclamation
• 3.2.1.2 Interjection
• 3.2.1.3 Onomatopoeia
• 3.2.2 On the Lexical Level
• 3.2.2.1 Colloquialism
• 3.2.2.2 Literary Words
• 3.2.2.3 Culturally-loaded Words
• 3.2.2.4 Slang Words
• 3.2.3 On the Syntactic Level
• 3.2.3.1 Cutting
• 3.2.3.2 Converting
• 3.2.3.3 Blending
• 3.2.3.4 Adding
• 3.2.3.5 Reversing
• 3.2.3.6 Transposing
• 3.2.4 Rhetorical Devices
• 3.2.4.1 Simile & Metaphor
• 3.2.4.2 Parallelism
• 3.2.4.3 Personifition
• 3.2.4.4 Repetition
• 3.2.4.5 Irony
• Conclusion
• 4.1 Major Findings
• 4.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements