高低语境交际视角下中美礼貌用语对比研究

论文摘要

本篇试从高低语境交际视角对中美礼貌用语进行对比研究。礼貌,作为一种社会现象,存在于每个国家。它是维持人际关系,促进社会和谐和成功交际的重要工具。礼貌用语,即人们通过问候,道歉,感谢,称赞及其回应来建立人际关系并保证交际的顺利进行。交流中运用礼貌用语是必不可少的事情。霍尔根据信息由语境编码的程度,提出了高低语境概念。中国是典型的高语境国家,美国属于低语境国家。因此,当来自高语境文化下的中国人同来自低语境文化下的美国人交流时,势必受到各自文化的影响。基于此,笔者决定以霍尔的高低语境交际为视角,对中美礼貌用语作对比分析,以期表明礼貌用语是如何受到各自高低语境文化的影响。本篇首先介绍了礼貌概念及原则和理论,然后分析中美常用礼貌用语的问候语、称赞语的应答、感谢语及道歉语差异性,最后指出这些差异性是怎样受到高低语境文化的影响以及高低语境文化形成的原因。笔者发现,高低语境文化中的诸多因素如暗码信息/明码信息,反应很少外露/反应外露,内隐、含蓄/外显、明了,圈内圈外灵活以及人际关系紧密/人际关系不密切等文化因素对礼貌用语有影响。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation and Significance of the Study
• 1.1.1 Research Motivation
• 1.1.2 Research Significance
• 1.2 Research Methodology and Research Questions
• 1.3 Thesis Structure
• Chapter Two Literature Review on Courtesy Language Studies
• 2.1 Notion of Politeness
• 2.2 Courtesy Language Studies in Western Countries
• 2.2.1 Lakoff's Politeness Strategies
• 2.2.2 Grice's Cooperative Principle
• 2.2.3 Leech's Politeness Principle
• 2.2.4 Brown and Levinson's Face Theory
• 2.3 Courtesy Language Studies in China
• 2.3.1 Gu's Politeness Model
• 2.3.2 Mao's Relative Face Orientation Construct
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Hall's High-Context and Low-Context Theory
• 3.2 Lusting and Koester's Characteristies of High-context and Low-context Cultures
• 3.3 Ting-Toomey's Direct and Indirect Style Theory
• Chapter Four Comparison of Courtesy Language between Chinese People and Americans
• 4.1 Comparison of Greetings
• 4.1.1 Greetings among Chinese People
• 4.1.2 Greetings among Americans
• 4.2 Comparison of Responding to Compliments
• 4.2.1 Responding to Compliments among Chinese People
• 4.2.2 Responding to Compliments among Americans
• 4.3 Comparison of Thanking
• 4.3.1 Expressing Thanks among Chinese People
• 4.3.2 Expressing Thanks among Americans
• 4.4 Comparisoon of Apologies
• 4.4.1 Apologies among Chinese People
• 4.4.2 Apologies among Americans
• Chapter Five Discussion of Influence of High-Context and Low-Context Cultures on CourtesyLanguage
• 5.1 Influence of High-Context Culture on Chinese Courtesy Language
• 5.1.1 Messages Internalized
• 5.1.2 Reactions Reserved
• 5.1.3 Covert ann Implicit
• 5.1.4 Strong Interpersonal Bonds
• 5.2 Influence of Low-Context Culture on American Courtesy Language
• 5.2.1 Messages Plainly Coded
• 5.2.2 Reactions on the Surface
• 5.2.3 Overt and Explicit
• 5.2.4 Flexible Ingroups and Outgroups
• 5.2.5 Fragile Interpersonal Bonds
• 5.3 Cultural Roots of the Differences
• 5.3.1 Cultural Roots of Chinese High-context Communication Culture
• 5.3.2 Cultural Roots of American Low-context Communication Culture
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Summary
• 6.2 Implications
• 6.2.1 Implications for Cooperative Principle
• 6.2.2 Implications for Cross-cultural Communication
• 6.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study
• References
• Acknowledgements
• 已发表论文